Alcoholism and Parenting Samuel Adams - 961 Words

The subject of parents consuming alcohol and how it affects their children is one that has plagued this world since long before the introduction of the first Samuel Adams. Alcohol damages brain cells and can prevent someone from making correct decisions. Having alcohol in one’s system can lead to violent and very dangerous rampages, and adding children to this mix is extremely harmful to them not only physically but also emotionally. Dr. Michael Windle explains that â€Å"alcohol abuse can interfere with parenting skills and marital relations, thereby affecting adolescent development and adjustment† (Effects on Children of Alcohol Dependent Parents). Under the influence of an alcohol dependent parent, children will often grow up in a†¦show more content†¦Most alcoholics are more tolerant to teenage drinking and will do very little to stop it. According to the NHSDA, by the age of 17, â€Å"70% [of children of alcoholic parents] had begun drinking alcohol† (â€Å"Children of Alcoholics are More Likely to Abuse Substances†). What starts out as rebellious teen years can very quickly turn into a lifelong fight with alcohol addiction. Starting to drink alcohol at a young age leads to alcohol dependency when the child grows up. An alcohol dependent adult becomes violent and irrational with his or her decisions. When an adult is dependent on alcohol they often seek out a partner who has the same issues as they for comfort. Having two alcoholics in the same household can be dangerous for the both of them; they would most likely feed off of each other’s energy and the relationship would end in violence. This issue can cause a domino effect until eventually someone decided enough Is enough and stops consuming alcohol. For example, if this child of the alcoholic grows up to have a drinking problem and ends up having children then their child would then become a child of an alcoholic and grow up to become one and so on and so forth. That seems like a hefty price for some careless drinking as a teenager. Alcoholism is a disease, and like any other disease it will only get worse without proper care and help. It can be treated with therapy or even medication sometimes, but the most important thing anShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWashington University Over the last editions this text has grown stronger with the contribution and feedback of the following instructors: David Abramis, California State University Chris Adalikwu, Concordia College Basil Adams, Notre Dame de Namur University Janet Adams, Kennesaw State University Cheryl Adkins, Longwood College Vicky Aitken, St. Louis Community College David Albritton, Northern Arizona University Bradley Alge, Purdue University Lois Antonen, CSUS Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin

Cbbe Pyramid Essay - 752 Words

CBBE Pyramid Powerful brands create meaningful images in the minds of customers (Keller, 1993). A strong brand image and reputation enhances differentiation and has a positive influence on buying behaviour (Gordon et al., 1993; McEnally and de Chernatony, 1999). A brand is a bundle of functional, economic and psychological benefits for the end-user (Ambler, 1995). Brand equity, as defined by Keller (1993), occurs when a brand is known and has some strong, favourable and unique associations in a consumer’s memory. This reflects in buyers’ willingness to pay a premium for a favoured brand in preference to others (Hutton, 1997). The Customer-Based Brand Equity pyramid (CBBE) of Keller identifies four steps for building a strong brand. In†¦show more content†¦For a long time, the Nike name conjured up heroic images of Jordan, Agassi and Tiger. The swoosh, Nike’s brand logo, made many people feel as if they were champions. That Nike’s reputation has been clouded by a new image – of Asian workers in hot, noisy factories, stitching together shoes for as little as 80 cents a day. Suddenly, Nike doesn’t seem so cool anymore (McCall, 1998). The widespread criticism of the use of sweatshops provoked protests and products boycotts at retail centres and on college campuses nationwide in 1998. The disapproval helped to cause the sneaker giant’s stock price to drop to $31 in September 1998 from $76 seven months earlier (Chen, 2001). The final step in the pyramid constitutes brand relationship, where brand response is converted to create an intense, active loyalty relationship between customers and the brand. Nike is trying their best to get rid of the ‘ Sweatshop’ image by investing in the community and behaving according to the CSR principles. However, the sweatshop practices will probably haunt them for a long time. The consumers have nowadays more faith in this brand and this results in more behavioural loyalty, attitudinal attachment, sense of community and active engagement (Keller, 2001). ReferencesShow MoreRelatedCbbe Model1073 Words   |  5 Pagesachieve this marketing miracle you will need to follow the four steps in the CBBE model. The four steps in the CBBE model are brand identity, brand meaning, brand response, and brand relationships. You must follow these steps to establish brand equity but the CBBE model also depends on six brand building blocks and they are salience, performance, imagery, judgment, feelings, and resonance. These are what are in the brand pyramid. We must understand what the four steps mean. Brand identity is when customersRead MoreCustomer Based Brand Equity Model (CBBE)1276 Words   |  6 PagesCustomer Based Brand Equity Model (CBBE) The CBBE model approaches brand equity from the perspective of the customer – whether customer is an individual or an organization. The CBBE model provides a unique point of view as to what brand equity is and how it should best be built, measured and managed. The power of a brand lies in what customers have learned, felt, seen and heard about the brand as a result of their experiences over time. The big challenge for marketers is to ensure thatRead MoreNike Brand Equity1038 Words   |  5 Pagesand better than the rest. This also is a way for Nike to obtain credibility and quality. With the Air Jordan line, Nike sold over $100 million shoes in the first year (129). Nike’s sources of brand equity hit all the way to the top of the CBBE pyramid for American consumers. Within the first two years alone Nike had 50% of the market share for athletic shoes. Salience is huge with the Nike logo. About 97% of Americans were able to recognize the Nike logo in 2000 (139). Imagery and performanceRead MoreThe Branding Pyramid2838 Words   |  12 PagesThe Branding Pyramid By Jeffrey A. Lupisella One of the many reasons why I love branding and working with our clients is that we get to know a lot of people in a lot of different industries. We spend a lot of time learning intimately about their products and services to help serve them well. And, we enjoy helping them understand what we do as a firm and, more importantly to them, how branding can serve their organizations. In general, we’re a pretty visual (no pun intended) bunch here at VizualRead MoreBuilding Brand Equity1416 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis Finding In his CBBE framework, Keller identified 6 key elements needed to build brand equity; Brand Salience, Brand Imagery, Brand Performance, Consumer Feelings Judgements and Brand Resonance (appendix 7). From the conducted research this report will ascertain the degree to which HTC satisfies each level of Keller’s model. Brand Identity According to Keller the first step in ‘building a strong brand’ involves creating ‘brand identity’ (Keller, 2001). â€Å"Achieving the right brandRead MoreMan Utd Essay example740 Words   |  3 Pagesinterestingly and have a lot of talented players, so this gives the people catharsis when they watch aggressive and dynamic matches of Man Utd. Thereby getting across this perceived quality to people, they love Man Uted as a brand. **What does Man Utd’s CBBE pyramid look like? 1. Brand Identity: ï  ¬ Salience- England premier league football team 2. Brand Meaning ï  ¬ Performance- with talented players, excellent performing foot ball team, landed many kinds of championships during long time. ï  ¬ Imagery forRead MoreBurger King s Brand Identity Essay1398 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Keller, â€Å" the basic premise of the Customer-Based Brand Equity (CBBE) model is that the power of a brand lies in what customers have learned, felt, seen and heard about the brand over time, â€Å" (Keller, 2001). The CBBE can be broken down into a pyramid of the consumer experience with the brand. Brand Identity Burger King’s brand identity relies heavily on their signature menu item the Whopper and the brand’s relation to the fast food giant McDonald’s. According to Burger King, â€Å"moreRead MoreMoods of Norway2400 Words   |  10 PagesMoods of Norway case indicated many interesting issues relating to brand management study. In this paper, first, we outline two key challenges that Moods are facing, then analyze the brand based on CBBE pyramid, and finally suggest two marketing programs that the company should invest. 1. Key challenges The first challenge facing Moods of Norway is expanding the business to U.S. This is always a profitable but risky opportunity for every firm, including Moods of Norway. The company with â€Å"freeRead MoreMoods of Norway2409 Words   |  10 PagesMoods of Norway case indicated many interesting issues relating to brand management study. In this paper, first, we outline two key challenges that Moods are facing, then analyze the brand based on CBBE pyramid, and finally suggest two marketing programs that the company should invest. 1. Key challenges The first challenge facing Moods of Norway is expanding the business to U.S. This is always a profitable but risky opportunity for every firm, including Moods of Norway. The company withRead MoreSwarovski Branding Strategies Products1819 Words   |  8 PagesBranding for luxury goods Group G. Members: Truong Anh Bao Nguyen Yunkyung Choo Lilit Nagapetyan CONTENT: 1 History 2 Concept 3 Brand Strategy 4 Marketing Mix 5 Positioning 6 Services 7 Target Consumer 8 CBBE Pyramid 9 SWOT analysis 10 Competitors 11 Recommendation 12 References 1. HISTORY: 1882 Daniel Swarovski (1862-1956) invents a revolutionary machine that allows crystals to be cut more precisely than with existing manual methods

Can Different Temperature Effect the Cell Membrane Free Essays

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Aim Hypothesis Material Method Results Discussion Conclusion? Abstract The aim of this experiment was to see whether different temperatures will affect the cell membrane, thus would then releases the purple pigments out of the vacuole which causes the leakage of the purplish liquid.? Background Information The outermost layer is the cell wall, which is present only in plant cells and is made up of a carbohydrate called cellulose and also has other protein substances embedded within it. The cell wall is a rigid layer and gives structural stability to the cell and also limits the permeability of large substances into and out of the cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Can Different Temperature Effect the Cell Membrane or any similar topic only for you Order Now Within the cell wall, surrounding the cytoplasm is the cell membrane which is a semi-permeable membrane consisting of a phospholipid bilayer. The bilayer consists of phospholipids which arrange themselves so that the hydrophobic (‘water hating’) tails are shielded from the surrounding water. The heads of the molecules are hydrophilic (‘water loving’) and face the water. Overall, the cell membrane acts to selectively allow substances to move into and out of the cell and maintains the cell potential. Proteins within the membrane act as molecular signals allowing the cells to communicate with each other and other substances outside the cell. About 70% of the cell membrane is actually protein. The cytoplasm of the cell has a number of organelles, although there is one in particular that the vacuole. Vacuoles act to store food for the plant and also assist in structural stability of the plant along with the cell wall. The vacuoles in plant cells are normally larger than those found in animal cells and contain a fluid called, cell sap. This fluid is rich in nutrients and other substances and is surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast, separating it from the cytoplasm. The tonoplast is similar in composition to the cell membrane. Biological pigments, also known as pigments or biochromes are substances produced by living organisms that have a colour resulting from the selective colour absorption. The pigments in beetroot are betalain pigments; they are located in the vacuole of the cell. They are named after the Beet family of plants, but are also found in fungi. In the petals they are thought to attract pollinating insects and may be present in seeds/fruits to encourage birds to eat them and so spreading around the seeds. When a beetroot in heated, it tampers with the cell membranes. A membrane is made of a phospholipid bilayer. These are formed because the phospholipids that make it up have a hydrophilic (‘water loving’) head and a hydrophobic (‘water hating’) tail. The tails pack together, exposing only the heads to the water. This is the phospholipid bilayer. The beetroot pigment is used commercially as food dye. It changes colour when heated so can only be used in ice-cream, sweets and other confectionary, but it is both cheap and has no known allergic side-effects. Aim To investigate whether different temperatures can damage and denature the plasma cell surface membrane of beetroot cells. This would then release the beetroot pigments out of the vacuole which causes the leakage of the purplish liquid. Hypothesis Beetroot in hotter water will release its pigments more than beetroot in cooler water. The hotter water should break more vacuoles containing the pigments which will make the water appear to be more purple. Meanwhile the colder water will still have pigments throughout the water, and therefore will be scarcer. Materials -x6 Test Tube -x1 Chopping Board -x1 Serrated Knife -x1 Corer -x6 Skewers -x2 Beetroot -x3 Test Tube Rack -x1 Wooden Test Tube Holders -x1 Bunsen Burner -x1 Match Box -x1 Cork Mat Method 1. Use the corer to get equal cylindrical pieces of beetroot 2. Cut pieces to same size if they are unequal 3. Skewer the beetroot through the middle . Rinse the skewers of beetroot 5. Fill the test tubes to half way with water 6. Place beetroot skewers into test tube and test tubes into test tube holder. Cold 1. Put in fridge and freezer 2. Remove after chosen time, and record your observations. Hot 1. Put over a hot flame and a purple flame 2. Remove after chosen time, and record your observations Results TemperatureColour of WaterColour of Beetroot Room Temperature: 23Â °C Rich and Dense PurpleDeep Red Not visible through water Fridge: 10Â °C Partially reddish purpleHot Pink Freezer:-9Â °C Very light pink barely any change in the colourVery deep red Blue Flame: 100Â °C A deep, rich redNormal purple colour Discussion Beetroot in hotter water will release its pigments more than beetroot in cooler water. The hotter water should break more vacuoles containing the pigments which will make the water appear to be more purple. Meanwhile the colder water will still have pigments throughout the water, and therefore will be scarcer. The hypothesis was supported by the results as the beetroot in the hotter water did release more pigments than the beetroot in the colder water. Some problems that came to attention were the exact sizes of the beetroot pieces could not be made the exact same size. Even though cutting them side by side of each other did make them look similar, the sizes were off still. The experiment as brought sight to what can happen when a fruit or vegetable or flower is heated in water will do. The water colouring process will accelerate more than twice as fast and that could provide big opportunities in some companies. A flaw in the experimental design was that attention wasn’t given to the material of test tubes that were used. A glass test tube was used for the beetroot that was frozen in the freezer; while in fact a plastic test tube should have been used because the glass test tube could not flex to the expansion of the water in the test tube and so resulting it to crack. Conclusion In conclusion, the hypothesis was supported as the beetroot’s pigments were release more in the hot water more than the cold water did. The hotter water made the beetroot cell vacuoles to burst, releasing the pigments, thus colouring the water. 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Application Of Strengths-Based Nursing Principles †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Application Of Strengths-Based Nursing Principles. Answer: Application of strengths-based nursing principles, the case study of Emma Gee The nature of the healthcare system currently is gradually evolving. The new innovative system is technically founded on a vision embedded on primary care as well as community-based home care as well health promotion with hospitals maintaining its position as a core pillar of the healthcare system. However, what is primarily different is the fact that the healthcare system is no longer the stipulated primary service. The revolutionized transformation makes it necessary for a new approach to practice. The approach is referred to asStrengths-Based Nursing Care (SBN) which is technically about capitalizing, mobilizing as well as developing an individuals strengths to facilitate healing and promote health. For RNs to practice SBNC, it is vital to havestrong nursing leadership skills that relatively creates a conducive condition to enable them to achieve this. In summary, Strengths-Based Nursing Leadership balances as well as acts in synergy with the SBNC. The paper will hence examine in an in-depth analysis the application ofStrengths-based nursing principles with a specific interest in the case of Emma Gee. Simply put, the paper will develop a comprehensive discussion that examines how strengths-based nursing, as well as healthcare, can be implemented for Emma at any point of her journey or through her whole journey to effectively help her in the healing process. The paper will also put into consideration aspects such as critical transformation points in Emma Gees journey and also present a based care plan for the critical transition point. Also, there will be a section that will present and demonstrate a holistic approach to the treatment process of Emma. SBN can be considered as a vital approach to provision of care (Gottlieb and Gottlieb 2017). In SBN, there are eight core values that guide thenursing action and hence as a result promotes self-efficacy, empowerment, and hope. In the case of Emma Gee, the nurses needed to focus on her inner and outer strengths. Subsequently, this simply entails what the patient and her family indulge in to best help them deal with the situation and in minimizing the related deficits (Koithan 2014). It is important also to point out that across all the levels of care provision, SBN reaffirms the nursing goals embedded on promoting health, alleviating suffering through creating conducive environments, facilitating healing and activities that bolster patients capability for health and the patients innate mechanism of healing. In the case of Emma, it is true to argue that SBN matches her medical care, enacts the provision of a language that communicates the contributions of the nurses to the patient and family health healing. SBN was also a very relevant factor since it ought to empower the patient as well as her family to gain better charge and control over her health and healing process (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 2017). One of the fundamental roles of SBN is that it presents a new equilibrium to deficit-based care, which is ironically a substantial attribute that lacked in the case study of Emma Gee. In this regard, SBN would have ensured that there is the focus on understanding the related problems in a broader as well as holistic context which lay focus on the inner and outer strengths. In this case, one of the strengths that Emma Gee recounts that could effectively help the nurses is the concept of her childhood which she agrees held a huge portion of her disability-free life. Technically, this marked some of the best memories of her life, a time when she could freely run from one place to the next. She also remembers her neighborhood as one exciting little world with good memories. Her favorite family was the Mullins family. Most important, she agrees that her family made the most impact in her life. Being from a family of six, her parents and four kids, their lives were filled with long-lasting positive memories. They also had strong attachments with their extended family and hence gives the impression that Emmas family was one of her strongest foundations. With this substantial information, strengths-based nursing could be implemented in Emmas nursing care to address healthcare needs raised. A strength-based approach, in this case, will be relevant because it presents a genuine basis for addressing the principal mandate of mental health services and advocates for the people taking charge of their personal lives in substantial as well as meaningful ways (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, Berry and Yost 2013). It is therefore important for her medical team and her family to be part of a process that will analyze the causes of the problem, settle on goals that aim at fixing this problem, making effective plans to achieve the goals, implementing the set plan and finally evaluating the effectiveness of the plan. The primary focus of those involved in this case should be: working in collaborative ways on agreed upon goals, empowering the patient to take charge of their care process, drawing upon personal resources of hope and motivation and focusing on trusting and workable relationships (Townsend 2014). In relation, the strength approach used in this case is a special case method of working with as well as resolving problems faced by Emma Gee. The approach first acknowledges the problems and difficulties. On the contrary, it works to identify the positive attributes of the persons strengths and also resources that are the vital components used to address the associated problems. Unconscious patients are delicate and hence should be nursed in different clinical settings. In relation, it is vital to access, plan and to implement nursing care plans for this venerable group of patients. In relation, this section of the paper will comprehensively examine one transition point of Emmas journey which is specifically the immediate post-surgical care while Emma was unconscious. The plan will be in the form of a strength-based nursing care plan for Emma which includes a family focus as well as collaboration with the other healthcare professionals involved in her treatment process. Unconscious patients have no control over themselves or the environment around them. Technically, this makes them highly venerable and dependent on the nurses and their support systems, which can be in the form of their families. The nursing process of such patients can cause anxiety for the nurse who has to take care of the patient. It is hence important to have a good foundation of a knowle dge base of initiating assessment, the planning as well as the implementation of quality care. A strengths-based nursing care plan can be highly advantageous, and also the skills that are generated in the process can be a source of confidence in the care of the patient. Normally, the roots of the unconsciousness influences the time one takes in the coma as well as the prognosis (Potter, Perry, Stockert and Hall 2014). Like in her case, Emmas unconsciousness was credited to the series of medication for her illness after a series of misdiagnosis. It is, however, important to point out the immediate as well as the ongoing needs of the patient who is unconscious are technically similar irrespective of the origin or the cause of the unconsciousness. Any unconscious patient requires skilled emergency management. It is important to point out that as the patient becomes unconscious, the patient loses the capacity or the ability to maintain a safe environment. The nurse, in this case, has a primary obligation to on the lookout for any signs of deterioration in the condition of the patient. About consciousness, the nurse should play a central role in the process of assessment of the central nervous system using what is referred to as the GCS. It also aids in monitoring the vital signs of the patient, pupillary reaction as well as the movements of the limbs (Smith 2017). The mentioned skills are important in the management plan for nurses since it provides for information that allows for the needed interventions where necessary. The ABCD which is airway, breathing, circulation and disability approach to resuscitation is also very essential and should be adopted as well (Munro et al. 2016). Other signs to be on the lookout for include harsh breathing or at times noisy snoring which may be an indication that the air around is being interfered with. The nurse also ought to closely work with the medical team so as to ensure that appropriate pathways of operative and efficient management are functional (Mirkovic et al. 2016). The underlying cause technically dictates the medical management which include: fluid to support cardiovascular function as well as to correct the metabolic derangement and the administration of oxygen or oxygen to maintain tissue perfusion. Also, the human body should be subjected to continuous physical activities and movement, and hence it is necessary to acknowledge that there will be physiological changes that are likely to occur in the unconscious patient (Moyle, Parker and Bramble 2014). This situation is exacerbated by the length of mobility and the quality of care. The nurse should hence effectively implement a framework of care with the primary aim of preventing further complications. A n unconscious patient will automatically place great demand on the resources, like time as well as staff. The completion of risk assessment may aid in highlighting the potential compromise to provide a conducive environment for the patient. Emmas experience is an extensive elaboration of the difference between the actual healthcare experiences that should be issued to related cases and the kind of services that our medical facilities issue out. From an analysis of the concept of the Strengths-based nursing care, this section will analyze Emmas experiences regarding health care provision and an analysis of what she got. Research about the case study has pointed out that different individuals have underlying strengths within themselves that has potential impacts on their recovery. In the case of Emma Gee, one of her strongest support system and source of strengths is her family reflected through her sentiments in the beginning chapters of her book. Simply put, personal factors have the potential to aid in the recovery process. Like in the case study, it is evident that recovery from the related psychological disorders was highly linked to the greater character strengths of the personality. Strengths have been associated w ith prediction of positive outcomes as well. Regarding the community as a whole, studies have necessitated the need to focus on the strengths of an individual rather than deficits. Subsequently, this is because strengths assessments are linked with good behavioral functioning (Francis Chong 2014). Relatively, the field of mental health has been impacted by the medical model in which the primary focus is embedded on solving related problems as well as controlling the related symptoms. However, the strengths-based approach lays its main focus on the positive attribute of the consumer (DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska 2014). The documentation and the utilization of the strengths of the consumer put the patient on a credible map to recovery. It is also vital for the nursing process to place particular emphasis on an individual-centered approach which in return endorse strengths-based approach. Creation of effective partnership among the patient, clinicians, and other related stakeholders ma y impact or overcome the potential challenges that are linked with the strengths-based approach. Her extraordinary accounts of her journey across an entire decade as she struggled with reestablishing herself with courage, hope, and determination in the process of recovering from a hemorrhagic stroke, to reinvent herself and to keep on going. The memoir is technically opened up by lyrical accounts of her fantastic childhood, her days at the university oversees travel confidence growing regarding personal and professional achievements as well as adventures in spades. However, this changed out of the blue, with no significant warning, at this time her very life was at the brink of life and death. Anxiety, confusion and frightening thoughts struck her down. Her body suffered at the expenses of the problems she was now encountering. Soon enough, she was subjected to brain surgery in attempts to search for a diagnosis. She suffered a devastating stroke. In relation, the paper presents som e of the strategies that effective nursing techniques could have done different, hypothetically, if Emma Gees experience was to be relived. One of the aspects that stands out is the illustration of the inner strength of Emma. Reinventing Emma is a comprehensive book that is a must-read for all stakeholders in the health professional field. Subsequently, this is because the experiences of Emma and her description of the societys misconceptions about disability speaks volume of how little help that we offer people going through the same experiences as she goes a long way. The experiences are also exceptional because Emma decided to find meaning as well as purpose from her condition. It is quite evident that Emma found herself in two choices: do whatever possible to change what she could change or spend her entire life mourning the fact that her dreams had been shattered. Reinventing Emma also points out much additional information about stroke survivors. Relatively, the book also issues includes strategies that other stroke survivors or their therapists can employ to improve their quality of life. Despite the fact that we live in a society that values ability as well as status, it is important for medical providers as well as other support systems such as family members to help in the process through which the patient overcomes the challenges (DeNisco and Barker 2013). Like in Emmas case, she reinvents her life and teaches the world that individuals should be accepted by the society for who they are and for what they can offer to the society. The primary ideology being driven here is that human development cannot be accurately determined by science nor the intensity of the spirit measured, neither can the potentiality of an individual be predicted. Walking in the shoes of both a patient and a therapist helped Emma in her anticipated process of making a difference in the lives of so many other people like her or individuals who have gone through the same experiences (Tse et al. 2016). A holistic approach takes into consideration all the crucial elements of a patients life. Everybodys story is different. But the difference is embedded on the will and the determination of the person in question. The motivation that influences this support system is however impacted by the availability of strong support systems like families and other health professionals (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer and Zwicker 2016). Many health professionals dont understand what it feels like to be a patient and how the little things they do plays a central role in the recovery path of someone else. In summary, SBN can help achieve patient and family empowerment, health promotion and partnership in Australia through some ways. Strengths-based nursing and healthcare is an approach that guides the process of health delivery for the persons involved as well as their families. The approach is technically at the first, line regarding the concept of international healthcare reforms and nursing developments. One of the primary aims of the approach is to optimize functioning as well as wellbeing, promote healthcare and also create the condition for healing across ones lifespan (Gottlieb 2014). Subsequently, the approach works with the aid of the person and the family resources and strengths in collaboration with the individual, the healthcare team, and the family. There exist three major principles of strengths-based nursing and healthcare that touches on its advantages: Empowerment Collaborative partnership Health promotion and healing Person/family-centered care The concept of partnership between services are essential to the success of working in health-promoting ways and this importance is acknowledged by practitioners across all levels of institutions (Beckett et al., 2013). Also, it is important to point out that successful partnership strengthens the capability of services as well as projects to broaden the reach by all stakeholders. Some of the primary benefits of partnerships include: More efficient resourcing More comprehensive service delivery Social and community development that aims at strengthening community involvement and action System development due to changed relations that exist between organizations Policy development at organizational as well as community levels. In summary, a partnership between individuals also plays a central role in the provision of effective service delivery. The partnership between health professionals, health service organizations, patients, families as well as consumers portray significant benefits in the process of clinical care as well as the related outcomes. References Beckett, P., Field, J., Molloy, L., Yu, N., Holmes, D. and Pile, E., 2013. Practice what you preach: developing person-centred culture in inpatient mental health settings through strengths-based, transformational leadership.Issues in mental health nursing,34(8), pp.595-601. Boltz, M., Capezuti, E., Fulmer, T.T. and Zwicker, D. eds., 2016.Evidence-based geriatric nursing protocols for best practice. Springer Publishing Company. DeNisco, S. and Barker, A.M. eds., 2013.Advanced practice nursing: Evolving roles for the transformation of the profession. Jones Bartlett Learning. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G. and Ciliska, D., 2014.Evidence-Based Nursing-E-Book: A Guide to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Francis, A. and Chong, M.D., 2014. Application of Strengths-Based Principles in Addressing Mental Health Issues.Social Work Practice in Mental Health: Cross-Cultural Perspectives,1, p.90. Gottlieb, L.N. and Gottlieb, B., 2017. Strengths-Based Nursing: A Process for Implementing a Philosophy Into Practice.Journal of Family Nursing,23(3), pp.319-340. Gottlieb, L.N., 2014. CE: Strengths-Based Nursing.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,114(8), pp.24-32. Koithan, M.A.R.Y., 2014. Concepts and principles of integrative nursing.Integrative nursing, pp.3-16. LoBiondo-Wood, G. and Haber, J., 2017.Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Berry, C. and Yost, J., 2013.Study Guide for Nursing Research-E-Book: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-Based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Mirkovic, J., Kristjansdottir, O.B., Stenberg, U., Krogseth, T., Stange, K.C. and Ruland, C.M., 2016. Patient Insights Into the Design of Technology to Support a Strengths-Based Approach to Health Care.JMIR research protocols,5(3). Moyle, W., Parker, D. and Bramble, M., 2014.Care of older adults: A strengths-based approach. Cambridge University Press. Munro, M., Gallant, M., MacKinnon, M., Dell, G., Herbert, R., MacNutt, G., McCarthy, M.J., Murnaghan, D. and Robertson, K., 2016. The Prince Edward Island conceptual model for nursing: a nursing perspective of primary health care.Canadian Journal of Nursing Research Archive,32(1). Potter, P.A., Perry, A.G., Stockert, P. and Hall, A., 2014.Essentials for Nursing Practice-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Smith, L., 2017. An International Collaborative Teaching Venture In Strengths-Based Family Nursing. In13th International Family Nursing Conference(Vol. 1, p. 50). Townsend, M.C., 2014.Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in evidence-based practice. FA Davis. Tse, S., Tsoi, E.W., Hamilton, B., OHagan, M., Shepherd, G., Slade, M., Whitley, R. and Petrakis, M., 2016. Uses of strength-based interventions for people with serious mental illness: A critical review.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,62(3), pp.281-291.

Religious Thought in World Perspective First Traditions free essay sample

A discussion on the way in which primal religions began and their belief structures were formed. The following paper discusses how primal religions are often misunderstood as history is often passed down orally due to no existence of written records. This paper examines how the written texts of the Bible, Torah, and Quran, over time, created a more literate society and helped to broaden the scope and area these religions now influence. The paper continues to discuss how religions today are followed, even into the Internet. When studying the Primal religions, it is imperative to remember that there was no written log of their beliefs. Their rights and rituals were passed down from generation to generation. Those selected within the population as the holy one; or mediator who could interact with the god or gods were the ones to pass down the oral traditions. As anyone today knows, if youve ever played the game ;telephone the message can be distorted as it is passed from person to person. We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Thought in World Perspective: First Traditions or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The histories we have to read today are only the last version of the original story. Perhaps many were not corrupted and we are hearing the same that was told eons ago; but there is the possibility that what we are reading is far from the original.

Role of Ngos in Rural Developement Essays

Role of Ngos in Rural Developement Essays Role of Ngos in Rural Developement Essay Role of Ngos in Rural Developement Essay Role of NGOs in Rural Development Shridhar Hegde, 2nd year MBA MSRIT Bangalore Kishan B. V , 2nd year MBA MSRIT Bangalore Abstract India has been a land of villages and the Government of India has been Implementing numerous rural development programmes for the upliftment of rural Communities. Non-government organizations with their advantage of non- rigid, locality specific, felt need-based, beneficiary oriented and committed nature of service have established multitude of roles which can effect rural development. A number of NGOs have been playing a vital role in rural community development, besides government interventions. It focuses on the process of rural development in India and analyses the role of NGOs in the lives of rural Communities . Realizing that the government alone was not able to meet the challenges of the massive enormous tasks in the process of rural development, the non-profit, voluntary and non-governmental organizations had to be involved in different phases and activities at the global, regional and local levels. Thus, in later phases, both the GOs and NGOs have been actively involved in transforming the lives of the rural poor. Literature review Dip kapoor (2005)The number, size, density and complexity of linkages among international NGOs have grown dramatically in the Last three decades. Sharadchandra lele(2002)Accessing interaction between the political and administrative inc of government and the influence of semi autonomous actors such as donors ,NGOs and the academics to identify the potential route towards more decentralization in the future. Shenggen fan,P. B. R hazel sukhadeo thorat(1999)Additional irrigation investment has the third largest impact on growth in agriculture productivity but only a small impact on rural poverty reduction. Montek singh ahluwalia (2007)There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between rural poverty and agricultural performance for india suggesting that agricultural growth by itself tends to reduce the incident of poverty Keywords: NGO, Government, Rural development, initiatives and activities. Introduction India lives in its villages Mahatma Gandhi. Literally and from the social, economic and political perspectives the statement is valid even today. Rural India is real India. Over Seventy-six per cent of the total population of India lives in villages. Rural India still contributes about half of the national income. Agriculture is the basic occupation which sustains the rural areas. Rural development is not simply an economic proposition; it has social, psychological and cultural dimensions as well. It is a multi-dimensional as well as multi-directional concept. People in rural areas should have the same quality of life as is enjoyed by people living in sub urban and urban areas Rural Development in India is an important segment of economic development. Although, thousands of crores of rupees have been spent on rural development during the last 57 years, the problem is as grave as it was. Yet, the importance of this subject has enhanced. Governments alone are not able to achieve the goals and reach the target groups of rural development programmes effectively, in spite of planned development strategies. It could be attributed to the decentralized, centralization of approaches and methods, rigid and bureaucratic administrative structures. And uniform, universal and project-centred strategies. On the other hand, NGOs are perceived to be more capable of transforming the lives of rural poor by adopting decentralized and flexible methods and approaches combined with people-centred strategies that elucidate direct, dynamic and collective Participation of the rural community. The decentralized structure of NGOs that places Rural people at the core, induces the process of empowerment and sustainability from within the rural community. As a result of this, the rural people themselves bring about the overall development in and around their community and locality. The success of the Rural Development depends upon the active participation and willing co-operation of the rural people through self-help groups. Why NGO’s are needed- â€Å"Think Large and Act Small: In recognition of Indias high population, the NGO is structured to help government in initiating programs and processes that will benefit Indians teeming population in different facets, and also to help the less privileged through various skill acquisition programs. The commitment is also towards proper information dissemination as well as promotion of developmental initiatives as a way of responding to needs of the marginalized and insufficiently represented segments of the nation. Relentless assistance to the disadvantaged communities in India is also the prime objective of India NGO. This is achieved through varieties of programs that address specific areas of need in those communities. The ability of the NGO to achieve all these is because of their grassroots operational strategies that help them in having insight into the priorities in the needs of these communities especially the rural and underdeveloped communities that tend to receive less attention from the government. They also address issues such as Child Labour, good health promotion, promotion of better living, women empowerment and vocational programs for the physically impaired as well as less privileged people. These are issues that government may not be able to address sufficiently at the grassroots levels because of the large population, but the NGO India is well knowledgeable and insightful into these issues and have the right approaches for proffering substantial solution to them. Formal education is also a priority in NGO schemes. The India government has made formal education compulsory for children from age 6 to 14. However, there is no proper provision and programs to ensure that this mandate is fully implemented in every part of India; the rural communities seem to be entirely forgotten. Besides, poverty is also a big challenge for those who want to realize their full potential through education. But the good news is that the NGO have well structured programs put in place for promotion of education even at the grassroots level. Activities undertaken by NGO’s Activities broadly cover the following: i. Development of natural resources; ii. Development and maintenance of physical infrastructure; iii. Poverty Alleviation Programs (PAPs) initiated towards social justice; and iv. Development of adequate, timely and quality services. The main areas covered under these activities are as follows: i. Programs for Productive Activities – agriculture, animal husbandry, poultry, fishery, small-scale industries including food processing, cottage industries, fuel and fodder and irrigation; ii. Land Development Programs – land reforms, soil conservation, minor irrigation, water management and watershed development, wasteland development, social forestry and grazing lands; iii. Education and Cultural Activities – primary schools, adult education, technical education and libraries; iv. Social Welfare – welfare of the women and child development, family welfare, care of disabled and mentally retarded; v. Provisions of Civic Amenities – drinking water, rural electrification, nonconventional sources of energy, rural roads, bridges, culverts, waterways, sanitation, rural housing and health; i. Poverty Alleviation and Allied Programs for social and economic upliftment of weaker sections; vii. Maintenance of Community assets and public distribution system; and viii. Organization and Control of rural markets and village fairs Conclusion It is seen that NGOs play a vital role in the development of rural India. Governments initiatives are not reaching deep root levels . so NGOs are needed to bridge the gaps in reaching to them. This can be achieved by partnership between government and NGOs. The overall benefits should be felt by the rural population. The funds earmarked should be channelled properly to the needed areas and should be optimally utilized. Hence NGOs are consider as perspective medium of achieving development in rural areas. Bibliography cnri. in/ao. htm nmsadguru. org/Article_RuralDevAndNGOAndGovPolicy. htm akdn. org/rural_development/india. asp worlded. org/docs/Publications/idr/pdf/16-6. pdf Rural poverty and agricultural performance in India – Montek s ahluwalia adb. org/Documents/Reports/Civil-Society-Briefs/IND/CSB-IND. pdf http://scholar. google. co. in/schhp? hl=entab=ws

Islam and Secularism in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islam and Secularism in Turkey - Essay Example The provision which declared that the religion of the state was Islam was removed through the constitutional amendment. A great percentage of the citizens in Turkey subscribe to Islam. However, the current constitution which came into effect in 1982 does not recognize or promote an official state religion, including Islam (Kuru 28). Secularism in Turkey did not strictly advocate that the state and religion be separated. It simply describes the stance of the state as one that supports dynamic neutrality. Turkish position on religion and its relationship with the European Union has caused some issues with how it relates to the West and the East. Turkey’s history of secularism can be traced back to the Ottoman Empire (Kuru 56). During this period, the toleration of diversity was a major issue for country’s the administration. The beginning of secularism in Turkey is said to have been very dramatic as it negated the Islamic system of the Ottoman Empire. Islamists spent the entire 20th century opposing

National Assemblies of Kuwait Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

National Assemblies of Kuwait - Essay Example The opposition lobbied for a parliament, by petitioning the government in 1950s, via the leadership of Ahmad al-Khatib and his movement, National Culture Club. 1967 elections were marred by irregularities on the part of the government, which necessitated the need for fresh elections. As such, new election was held in 1971, yielding an acquiescent assembly with just four members of the opposition, excluding the leader of opposition, Al-Khatib. The assembly proved a major opposing force for the amir administration. The fourth assembly elections occurred in 1975 giving birth to an assembly that passionately opposed the government than its predecessor. Unhappy with the opposition of the assembly, amir dissolved it in 1976 issuing new ultimatums for press and public conventions. The fifth assembly existed between 1981 and 1985. It also produced an active opposition like the previous assemblies. However, divisions over constitutional changes among other issues led to the demise of the assembly fueled by intense religious opposition determination. The sixth assembly election was held in 1985, in which the government reviewed its Islamists support by encouraging Beduin contenders to bar Islamists. Unlike before, the government gave the nationalists room to participate, which saw the revival of Al-Khatib. Al-Khatib and three other nationalists emerged victorious in the elections. Following its vehement opposition to the government and determination to remove corrupt ministers from office, the sixth a ssembly also faced the possibility dissolution. Seeing that the assembly had dug too much into the ruling family, amir suspended the assembly. The assembly was eventually dissolved following violence experienced in 1985. However, the assembly remained influential opposition symbol even after its closure and limited scope. Of all the assemblies, the 1981-1985 assembly seemed more interesting. Apart from being vociferous like its predecessors, the assembly was far

Disagreements about the ideals of management will always exist. But Essay

Disagreements about the ideals of management will always exist. But the realities of management can be established on the basis of evidence, rather than ideas about what they ought to be - Essay Example Management facilitates the production of desired and useful outcomes in the system of organization. However, management faces many disagreements about its ideals which always exist. However, management realities can be established on basis of evidence, instead of what they ought to be. Managers are the business drivers of an organisations goals and objectives, so as to realise its realities. Therefore, management has many challenges that result into conflicts. Fortunately, if these conflicts can be solved on the basis of evidence, they can be turned into great opportunities for the business, rather than ideas of what they would have been (Pruitt, 1983). Hence, a skilled manager will always seek to turn challenges into opportunities by basing his decisions and actions on evidence. This essay looks into the disagreements that exist in business, how management realities can be established on the basis of evidence rather than ideas about what they ought to be. Some of the issues raised in the statement are what the disagreements and their causes, what are the management realities and what evidence are required. In the past, management was looked at from the functional perspective, which is, regularly measuring a quantity and undertaking necessary adjustments of the initial plans in order to attain the desired goals, even without planning. One of the greatest contributor of modern management concepts, Henri Fayol (1841-1925, pg, 23) however considers management functions as planning, forecasting, coordinating, commanding, and organizing the activities of a business. However, Mary Follet (1869-1933) describes management as the philosophy of having things done by other people (Gomez-Mejia, 2008, pg 19). The difficulties of defining management, changing nature in its definitions, and difficulties of connecting managerial practices with the class or cadre of management shows how critical and difficult management task involve, since they finally dictate the well being

The Automobile Industry And Performance Economics Essay

The Automobile Industry And Performance Economics Essay The success of Malaysia automotive in producing the national car should be a proud of because of internationally outstanding performance. In this journal, the authors determine that Malaysian government do a lot of alternative ways to protect automotive industry to sustain the industry locally keep survive especially to compete in internationally such as various protective measures for example tariff and non-tariff barriers and local content policy. In 2002, the automotives industry show great achievement in highest production point when producing half a million of vehicles in economic prosperity. PROTON and PERODUA becomes the two main national auto manufacture contributed mostly in producing small and medium class production of national cars Malaysia. Thailand becomes the biggest competitors when full implementation of AFTA in 2005 that cause the national car industry faces a lot of challenges. Some proactive measures taken by two automakers through cooperate with foreign automaker s to allay the challenges in auto production to increase the production and market of the national car company. Since 1985, Malaysia has obtained accepting regionally and internationally for its great achievements in the automotive industry. Proton itself make a collaboration with its affiliate, the Lotus International (United Kingdom ) in 1996.Proton cars have captured local markets for medium car class and made its presence felt even in certain developed countries by producing various car models including Proton Saga,Wira,Waja and most recently, the Gen-2.The author states that in this journal reveals the Malaysian experience in promoting the automotive industry and examines the overall performance of the sector especially in national auto production. The automotive industry in Malaysia proves that Islamic countries gives a big impact to participate and compete in economic activity which is known well naturally controlled by non-Muslim countries that shows the ability of Malaysia to start and improves the industry. There are a lot of efforts and sacrifices to face the challenges and compete in highly competitive and technology-intensive industry to Malaysian industry survive in future. To compete in local market since the neighbor country close competitors such as Thailand, Indonesia and Philippines, Malaysia should focus on production of commercial vehicles in short term. While in long term, stiffer competition would be faced by the national automakers with full implementation of AFTA (Asian Free Trade Area) and this would may affect that in this industry can no longer be heavily protected as it was past. Automotive industry in Malaysia: an assessment of its development In this journal, the authors analyzing and evaluating the growth of Malaysian automotive industry within the reason of infant industry and trade protection by the government will cause many arguments when using a global value chain perspective including the impact of global crisis in 2008-2009 on the Malaysian automotive industry. Even though the impact of global crisis is moderate but the domestic demand is decreasing and the weaken performance of the industry remain continue. The industry having difficulties when failed to increase to upgrading the industry and international competitiveness base on their quality of production even though the industry trying to expand the sales, production ,employment and local content every past year. Inadequate of encouraging political for high challenge with high maintain situation, low technological and marketing abilities and small amount of participation in the global value chain are the basic things that lead the industry easy to achieve the failures. By push the industry to achieve good performance, more transformation and strategy trough forming coalition with multiple shareholders even though there are industry protection policies that may help with their own initiatives. At the end, this industry applying captive of the regionalized Japanese keiretsu system in manufactures the production. The authors also mention about some question on how industrial policy might assist to place in developing countries in terms into the global economy. Based on the journal, the industry mainly focusing in manufacturing on passenger car manufacturing and causing increasing employment and average incomes with its employees in years 1980 to 2009 which is the industry has expanded too much starting from their infant industry. Japanese cars makers still dominating the auto market and industry because they have high competitive benefit to infiltrate global markets due to its high scale of technological advancement and product advancement mainly among parts and component suppliers, a lot of and high skilled workers and strong global marketing abilities when compared to Malaysian automotives industry. Introduction of new models shows the positive way of PROTON to increase the marketing strategies in the industry. Malaysian automotive industry still have an option when applying and generating more vibrant automotive group throughout production improvement and strengthening of advance method such as create high performance working systems to give more knowledge and working experience to the automotive industry workers. Supplier Development Framework in the Malaysian Automotive Industry: Protonà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Experience In this journal, the authorsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ main focus is in Malaysian automotive industry on PROTON which is in raising the suppliersà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ relationships and their development. PROTON plays a important role with their supplier development to expanding inclusive support in example supplier selection and meeting, improvement, match making and encouraging constant performance expansion and enhancement programs. Supplier improvement stands for inventiveness by the buyer firm to enhance the performance and abilities of their suppliers and is explained as an important that have been applied by PROTON. However, the importance on price-cutting and independent achievement by PROTON represents the frequent observe of most US buying firms. A supplier advance effort stand for inventiveness by a buying firm which may assist the firm to assemble strategic organizational objectives. Buying firms must be agreeable to spend in the relationship with a lo ng-term perspective. Successful two way communication, long-term commitment, and continues support may give more benefits to the achievement of supplier expansion efforts will help the automotive industry can compete in global market successfully. PROTON should immediate concerns to face the problems which is they need to have a better relationships with their suppliers. To see the relationships have a better impact, the procurement practice is the best ways to be practiced by PROTON. In contrast, the long term relations between the suppliers can happens when the partnerships characterized by joint decision making within the buyers and suppliers. However, the internal suppliers force and effort to develop them are the most important things in development of supplier and the advancement of technology will increase their effort to boost up competitiveness through continuous research and development (R D), reduction the cost of production and value added with engineering value in main taining market value. New strategies such as find partnership to share the technology and enough effort and knowledge can help the industry to penetrate the markets whether in locally and global. Literature Review Performance of national cars in Malaysia should be boost up so that the industry can perform well to compete with our neighbor country such as Thailand and Indonesia and even worldwide. Automotive sector will become more competitive and by empowering the human capital available to high technology. In fact we are the pioneers of the automotive sector in the region, so we need to rise up with a new formula to bolster this sector. Our main national cars manufactures PROTON and PERODUA should come out from comfort zone. However, the success of Malaysia producing their own national cars should be a proud of all Islamic nations especially out citizens (Rosli, 2006).Malaysian government takes a lot alternative ways to make the industry remains survive especially to compete internationally such as provide tariff, customs tax and other local policy. Thailand becomes the biggest competitive of our production in national car when full implementation of AFTA was released. In additional , Malaysi an automotive industry faces many challenges to survive and compete based on their quality of production the industry already expanding their sales, production, employment and technology every past year. By making collaboration with foreign automakers can improve the quality of the national cars and some of its part and component. Besides, Malaysian automotives industry also should have good relationship with their supplier of the product. PROTON as well must maintain their communication and full commitment to their supplier so this will gives better outcome of their performance. Our national car industry performance can be improved by reducing production costs, increasing knowledge and skills among the worker who works in the industry, find another foreign partnership that can help the automotive industry to penetrate the local market but also internationally

Against Abortion Essay -- Pro Life

Abortion is fundamentally wrong. It is wrong because it goes against the basic rights guaranteed to every human being under the 5th 9th and 14th amendments in the United States Constitution. Along with it going against the Constitution, there are some medical and moral reasons as to why it is wrong, such as an increased risk of breast cancer, and that the fetus does in fact feel the pain from the abortion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Simply defined, abortion means any premature expulsion of a fetus, whether it is by natural causes or an artificially induced abortion. Abortion is certainly not a new concept. It has been present in society dating all the way back to Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, and into the Middle Ages. It was not until the 19th century that abortion began to get all the attention that it gets today. It was in the 19th century that the strict abortion laws were starting to be passed. The 1973 Supreme Court case of Roe v. Wade legalized abortion in the United States for pregnancy within the first six months.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion is not only considered immoral by many, it also violates the Constitution. The 14th amendment forbids states to abridge privileges and immunities of United States citizens, to deprive a person of life, liberty or property without due process of law, or to deny any person the equal protection of laws. Under the United States Constitution, we are forbidden from depriving the life of another individual; abortion is just that. It is depriving a human being the right to life. Nowhere under the 14th amendment does it clarify between the living and unborn. So a fetus should still be protected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion also violates the 9th amendment which declares that just because certain rights are not in the Constitution does not mean that they do not exist. Courts cannot assume that just because a right is not listed that a person cannot be protected by the government. This is important because the Constitution does not mention abortion, but based on this amendment the unborn child is still under protection and is guaranteed the rights which are provided by the Constitution. The â€Å"silence† of the Constitution on the issue of abortion does not mean that it doesn’t provide a right. When the Constitution was written, abortion was not nearly as much of an issue. Yes it was already going on, but the large numbers of abortions were not taking place as they are toda... ...From a medical standpoint it is wrong as well. The risk of breast cancer increases in the mother and the fact that the baby will feel the pain of the abortion makes it inhumane. It is especially wrong in advanced societies such as ours. There are other alternatives to abortion, and it should not be used as birth control. Statistics have shown that about 80% of abortions are performed for social reasons instead of health reasons. Abortion is murder. If murder is against the law then abortions should be as well. Works Cited Anand, Kanwaljeet. â€Å"Pain of the Unborn.† 15, January 2004. 23 October 2004  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ELSI â€Å"Chromosomes† 2004. 23 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Facts in Brief, â€Å"Induced Abortion.† 2000-2001. 23 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guttmacher, Alan Institute. â€Å"Abortion Statistics-World U.S.-Demographics-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons.† 2004. 23 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Johnson, Douglas. â€Å"The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act- Misconceptions and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Realities† 5 November 2003. 23 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mount, Steve â€Å"Due Process† 1995-2003. 24 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reuters Health International Journal of Cancer. â€Å"First Pregnancy factors Tied to   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Breast Cancer Risk.† 1 November 2004. 23 October 2004   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

How to Avoid Miscommunication

How to avoid miss communication Think before you speak. If you think about what you say before you speak, you have the chance to organize your thoughts, rehearse your words, evaluate the situation, and not say something stupid. 1. ————————————————- Speak up. If you don't voice your needs, you won't get what you want. And say what you want clearly and loudly enough to hear. 3 ————————————————- Be clear. Keep the message as simple as possible. Don't ramble or go on to a lot of extra details. 4 ————————————————-Avoid ‘um', ‘err', and ‘you know what I'm sayin. Sure, we all stammer sometimes while looking for the right words. But if you slow down and be careful about your speech, you'll be clearer. ————————————————- Be polite. If you're interrupting other people, being rude, and disrespectful, you will not communicate effectively anything but you're a jerk. 6 ————————————————- Get his or her attention. If you don't have the other person's attention, you won't get the message across. Get eye contact, make sure the other person is listening. ———————————————— Organize. If you're trying to communicate, you need to be sure the information gets to the person effectively. If you're planning an event, you need to give important details, like place, time, and what people need to bring. —â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Listen. If you don't  listen to the other person, you are likely to end up miscommunicating. Good listening is often more important than whatever you say. 9 ————————————————- Don't assume. This is  the most common  presumption people tend to make.And it is the most disastrous one as well. Unless you say something, you usually cannot be entirely sure the other person knows what you're thinking, feeling, or whatever. ————————————————- Understand body language. Much of communication is non-verbal. Pay attention; it can be very important. —————————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Give reminders. Check in with the person that they understood you, and know what they need. Even if that party is the most important thing on your calendar, it might not be for your friend. And people can be forgetful.If you're getting upset at people because they aren't putting your priorities on top, remember you need to take some responsibility12 Learn good communication skills. If you have the opportunity to take writing, English, public speaking, theatre, computer programming, and world languages, these are all excellent means to focus on communication skills tips * Eye contact can be uncomfortable. Try looking at the bridge of the person's nose. You'll have the same effect and get the same information. * Be sure you don't use sarcasm in chat, instant messaging, or e-mails without emoticons; it can be taken completely the wrong way otherwise.

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President

Jimmy Carter- Facts on the 39th President Here is a quick list of fast facts for Jimmy Carter. For more in depth information, you can also read the Jimmy Carter Biography. Birth: October 1, 1924 Death: Term of Office: January 20, 1977 - January 20, 1981 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term First Lady: Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Chart of the First Ladies Jimmy Carter Quote: Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy, because human rights is the very soul of our sense of nationhood.Additional Jimmy Carter Quotes Election of 1976: Carter ran against incumbent Gerald Ford against the backdrop of the United States Bicentennial. The fact that Ford had pardoned Richard Nixon of all wrongdoing after he had resigned from the presidency caused his approval rating to severely drop. Carters outsider status worked in his favor. Further, while Ford performed well in their first presidential debate, he committed a gaffe in the second concerning Poland and the Soviet Union that continued to haunt him through the rest of the campaign.   The election ended up being very close. Carter won the popular vote by two percentage points.  The electoral vote was very close. Carter held 23 states with 297 electoral votes. On the other hand, Ford won 27 states and 240 electoral votes. There was one faithless elector representing Washington who voted for Ronald Reagan instead of Ford.   Major Events While in Office: Vietnam War era draft evaders pardoned (1977)Panama Canal Treaty (1977)Camp David Accords (1978)US officially recognizes Peoples Republic of China (1979)Three Mile Island incident (1979)Iran Hostage Crisis (1979-81) States Entering Union While in Office: None Significance of Jimmy Carters Presidency: One of the big issues that Carter dealt with during his administration was energy. He created the Department of Energy and named its first Secretary. In addition, after the Three Mile Island incident, he oversaw stricter regulations for Nuclear Energy plants.   In 1978,  Carter  held peace talks at Camp David between Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin which ended in a formal peace treaty between the two countries in 1979. In addition, America formally established diplomatic relations between China and the U.S.   On November 4, 1979, 60 Americans were taken hostage when the U.S. embassy in Teheran, Iran was taken. 52 of these hostages were held for longer than a year. Oil imports were halted and economic sanctions were imposed. Carter staged a rescue attempt in 1980. Unfortunately, three of the helicopters used in the rescue malfunctioned, and they were unable to proceed. The Ayatollah Khomeini finally agreed to let the hostages go if the US would unfreeze Iranian assets. However, he did not complete the release until Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as president.   Related Jimmy Carter Resources: These additional resources on Jimmy Carter can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: Gerald FordRonald ReaganList of American Presidents

Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette

Child Labor Gazette Pg. 1 Headlines for Today: March 23, 2003 Edition By Ryan Pittman- Block 4 LEADING STORIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reformers Help End Child Labor Practices. What is a reformer, anyway? Reformers are people who want to make positive changes for the good of society. They wanted to help put an end to unfair child labor practices that went on for years and no one did anything to stop them. They believed that the more people were informed about the poor working conditions of young children that they had to endure, the better their message would be spread and their cause would be made public. Reformers would help to convince voters to create and pass a law to end child labor for good. These reformers would go to the newspapers and give speeches to inform others. With the help of Lewis H. Hines’s photographs of the children in the mines and in the mills, the reformers were able to convince more and more people that a law to stop child labor needed to be put in place and practiced now. In 1904, in an effort to end child labor altogether, the reformers formed a committee, which was called the National Child Labor Committee. Lewis Hines’s graphic pictures helped convince the majority of people in America that child labor was going on then and that it was not right. Reformers and activists urged people not to buy clothing or products from these companies who made it a habit to put children to work and turn out their products by force. By conducting this â€Å"strike,† the reformers had hoped that by not supporting child labor practices, that the children would no longer be forced to make products like clothing, ropes and cotton in the mills. The United States Congress passed laws in 1916, and again in 1919, but the Supreme Court struck down these laws. However, in 1938, the Supreme Court ended up passing the Fair Labor Standards Act, which did not permit children under a certain age to work, and for those... Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette Free Essays on Child Labor Gazette Child Labor Gazette Pg. 1 Headlines for Today: March 23, 2003 Edition By Ryan Pittman- Block 4 LEADING STORIES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Reformers Help End Child Labor Practices. What is a reformer, anyway? Reformers are people who want to make positive changes for the good of society. They wanted to help put an end to unfair child labor practices that went on for years and no one did anything to stop them. They believed that the more people were informed about the poor working conditions of young children that they had to endure, the better their message would be spread and their cause would be made public. Reformers would help to convince voters to create and pass a law to end child labor for good. These reformers would go to the newspapers and give speeches to inform others. With the help of Lewis H. Hines’s photographs of the children in the mines and in the mills, the reformers were able to convince more and more people that a law to stop child labor needed to be put in place and practiced now. In 1904, in an effort to end child labor altogether, the reformers formed a committee, which was called the National Child Labor Committee. Lewis Hines’s graphic pictures helped convince the majority of people in America that child labor was going on then and that it was not right. Reformers and activists urged people not to buy clothing or products from these companies who made it a habit to put children to work and turn out their products by force. By conducting this â€Å"strike,† the reformers had hoped that by not supporting child labor practices, that the children would no longer be forced to make products like clothing, ropes and cotton in the mills. The United States Congress passed laws in 1916, and again in 1919, but the Supreme Court struck down these laws. However, in 1938, the Supreme Court ended up passing the Fair Labor Standards Act, which did not permit children under a certain age to work, and for those...

Movie theatre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Movie theatre - Essay Example He is directly behind the couple who are now standing, waving their arms at each other. They turn and look at him, then sit down and quit arguing. A few rows down from them, I see an even younger couple sitting next to eachother amongst a group of teenagers. The boy yawns tentively, and lays his arm across the back of her torn seat. She looks up at him and smiles sweetly. Off to the right of them, in the wheelchair accessible area is an older couple. Their backs are not as straight, she looks tiny and shrunken in her wheelchair. He leans toward her carefully and holds a drink so she can sip through the straw. He then places the drink back in the holder and lays his hand gently on her knee. They are content. The lights go down and the previews begin. I am struck with the idea that I have already seen all of life's drama before me, before the movie began. We watch movies to experience emotions of the characters; when true emotion is all around us. The young couple's first date, the argument of the younger adults, and the quiet contentment of the elderly make for an unmistakably real drama. It is a movie I will replay in my head, reminding myself that life is a stage and we are but actors upon it.

Kia company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kia company - Research Paper Example For KIA motors this would include highlighting the energy efficiency of the cars and focusing on low cost of maintenance. This strategy is effective at a time when the purchasing power of the consumers is low. The recent economic downturn has led to a severe dip in the disposable income levels of individuals. Moreover fuel efficiency is also a vital factor at a time when fuel prices are sky rocketing. The company can also promote and replicate its ‘KIA Approved’ strategy that would include providing extended warranties and other benefits and an effective after sales service to lure customers (KIA, 2010). Finally KIA motors can enter into a strategic alliance with a local company of high repute. The strategic alliance would involve collaboration between KIA and its partner in the area of marketing and promoting the product including sharing retail space etc. The alliance with an established local partner would help improve the attitude of the consumers towards the brand and would instill greater confidence among the customers and lead to development of positive attitude among the customers generating sustainable competitive

Bay of Pigs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Bay of Pigs - Research Paper Example In fact Castro caused more headaches to America than Soviet Union. Since Cuba was under communist regime, it was indigestible for America to accept the challenges raised by Fidel Castro. Moreover, America was afraid of a possible expansion of communism from Cuban territories to American soil. So they decided to try and expel communism from Cuba’s soil before it enters American soil. â€Å"Out of the 197 invaders were captured 200 of them had been soldiers in Batista's army and 14 of those were wanted for murder in Cuba. Four American pilots and over 100 Cuban invaders were killed in battle† (INVASION at Bay of Pigs). Cuban armed force took only three days to defeat the attempt made by CIA and Cuban exiles. There are many reasons cited for the immediate defeat of CIA trained Cuban exiles in the Bay of Pigs Invasion. This paper analyses how well prepared/trained were the CIA trained Cuban exiles who partook in the Bay of Pigs invasion and how did they subsequently fair ag ainst Castro's forces? Five months before the Bay of Pigs invasion, the CIA task force plotting to overthrow Fidel Castro concluded that the invasion was ‘‘unachievable’’ as a covert paramilitary operation, according to a newly discovered unclassified document. But the document, a 300-page internal CIA history, reveals for the first time that the architects themselves foresaw failure during a Nov. 15, 1960, meeting to prepare a briefing for President-elect John F. Kennedy and that they recorded it in a memo (Rosenberg). The above facts clearly show that the Bay of Pigs invasion effort was lost even before it starts. However, still nobody knows why CIA forced Kennedy to continue with this attack even though they were unsure about the possible outcomes. There are many people who believe that the preparations for this invasion were not carefully planned. It was evident before the beginning of the invasion itself that Guerilla wars may not help to expel Castro from power since he was the master of such wars. Vietnam War taught America that Guerilla wars can block even huge military powers from enjoying success in military conflicts. So they thought the lessons learned from Vietnam could be used successfully in Cuba. However, CIA failed to realize that Vietnam Guerillas were far more superior and organized than the Cuban exiles or guerillas. â€Å"It was during the administration of Eisenhower that the United States Government had, in 1954, for the first time, defined and approved the concept of "Covert Operations"† (Prouty). The Cuban mission was the brain child of this concept. As part of this policy, American administration had given full authority to CIA to organize and conduct secret missions against the enemies of America. Cuba was one among the topmost enemies of United States during that time. Moreover, the proximity of communist Cuba around democratic United Sates was indigestible to many of the American politicians. So, ir respective of Democrats or Republicans, American politicians supported any agitations against Cuba and they made use of CIA for conducting America’s missions in Cuba. The preparations for the Bay of Pigs Invasion have started by CIA well before the election victory of Kennedy in 1961. â€Å"President Eisenhower approved the program in March 1960. The CIA set up training camps in Guatemala, and by November the operation had trained a small army for an assault landing and guerilla warfare† (The Bay of Pigs). Even though, CIA tried to keep

Getting over a Betrayal Essay Example for Free

Getting over a Betrayal Essay This song brings forth a feeling of that even though a loss of a loved one is a heart wrenching experience there is nothing a person can do to change the outcome of what has happened. My Immortal† seems to be more about losing ones own sense of identity and self-worth due to the loss and/or betrayal of a loved one than about the actual loss of the loved one: These wounds won’t seem to heal/ This pain is just too real/There’s just too much that time cannot erase (7-9) By the end of the song, the survivor of the story is emotionally drained and paralyzed with the fear by the memory of the betrayer. The survivor of the incident just wants those memories of hurt and betrayal to go away. This pain is felt in the opening stanzas of the song. And if you have to leave/I wish that you would just leave/Your presence still lingers here/ And it won’t leave me alone (3-6). The theme of â€Å"My Immortal† is the struggle of trying to get rid of the feeling of betrayal and of guilt. The betrayer has hurt or betrayed her in a way that she can never recover from the emotional damage. You used to captivate me/ By your resonating light/ Now I’m bound by the life you left behind (14-16) For the rest of the girls’ life, she will be imprisoned by him. She sacrificed everything for him. After years of being together, he throws everything she has done for him back in her face. She know feels like that she will never be free of him Your face it haunts/My once pleasant dreams (15, 16) The effect of this song brings forth many different emotions. This song brings to light that if one lets a past betrayal or losses rule their life, there will never be any peace for the individual. The individual needs to let go of the hurt, even though they are feeling that they were alone the entire time they were with that one person. I’ve tried so hard to tell myself that you’re gone/ But though you’re still with me/ I’ve been alone all along ( 24-26) It hurts being betrayed by a loved one. The reality that she was all alone in her love when he was with her and ironically, now that hes left her, she isnt alone: He torments her with the memories of his betrayal (perhaps complicated by her genuine love for who she thought he was. ) These wounds won’t seem to heal/ This pain is just to real/ There’s just too much that time cannot earse (21-23) Works Cited Evanescence.

History And Background Of Google Inc Business Essay

History And Background Of Google Inc Business Essay Google Inc. began in 1996 as the brainchild of two bright computer science grad students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. They met back in 1995 at Stanford University where they were doing their PhDs and they came out with creative ways of finding and organizing large datasets (Hoovers Inc, 2010). After that, they developed a technology called PageRank which enables them to analyze a particular websites relevancy. It occurred to them that a search engine that is based on the PageRank algorithm would be much more effective at obtaining better and accurate results than existing search engines. Thus, that idea became a basis for their soon-to-be famous search engine that was launched on September 15, 1997. Google Inc. was formally incorporated on September 4, 1998 at a friends garage in Menlo Park, California. Google got its name from googol, the mathematical equivalent of the number one followed by a hundred zeros, which was a misspelling of that mathematical term (Google, 2005). This refl ects on the founders original mission to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful (Google.com, 2010). The core competency of their business, the Google search engine has become so successful that it attracted a loyal following among a growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design and useful results. In 2000, Google began selling text-based advertisements associated with search keywords in order to maintain an uncluttered page design so that speed is maximized when loading a page. Their innovative advertising system, comprised of its AdWords and AdSense products, is so successful that 99% of their revenue is derived from it (Google, 2005). However, the technological industry demands constant innovation and Googles strong focus on continuous improvement is reflected in the companys ever expanding line of innovative services and products which includes webmail (Gmail), blogging (Blogger), and interactive maps (Google Maps). Googles s trong organizational culture that includes values such as creativity, simplicity and innovation plays a huge role in their tremendous success and gives them a huge competitive advantage over their rivals in the search engine market. Content The Google Culture Google is well known for their organizational cultures distinctiveness and uniqueness compared to their immediate competitors. On the Google corporate website, they have listed down 10 core principles that guides the actions of the entire organization. These are the values and assumptions shared within the organization. These values are also termed as espoused values, where it is not necessarily what the organization actually values even though the top executives of the company embraces them. Here are some of a few of their core principles which will provide a look into Googles management philosophy and the type of culture they want to possess: Focus on the user and all else will follow Google strives to put the end users interest ahead of shareholders when making corporate decisions. Google promises to deliver the best user experience possible by providing a clear and simple homepage interface, relevant advertisements and fair placement in search results. Its best to do one thing really, really well Google focuses on its core competency, which is search. Google continues to solve complex issues and provide continuous improvements to search. New Google products such as Gmail and Google Maps are the results of Googles dedication in improving search. Fast is better than slow Google understands that time is valuable to its users and strives to please them by increasing the efficiency of retrieving the users search results. Now the average response time to get a search result just takes a fraction of a second. Google is the only company that aims to have the users leave its website as soon as possible. The need for information crosses all borders Google is founded in California but the existing mission is to enable access to information for the entire world and in all languages. And because more than half of Google search results originate from outside the United States, the organization has offices in dozens of countries and offers the Google search interface in more than 110 languages. As a result, the variety and quality of services Google offer are much more improved. You can be serious without a suit The founders built Google around the idea that work should be challenging, and the challenge should be fun. Google believes that great and creative things are more likely to happen with the right company culture and thus emphasizes on team achievements and pride in individual accomplishments. Google employs energetic, passionate people from diverse backgrounds with creative approaches to work, play and life. Great just isnt good enough Google always strives to make its employees deliver more than what is expected. Google does not accept being the best as an endpoint but rather a starting point. Through innovation and iteration, Google aims to take things that work well and improve upon them in unexpected ways. Google also anticipates users needs and set new standards with new products and services that can make a difference and change the world. [Adapted from www.google.com] In Google, the daily organizational life is distinctive and is one that thrives on informal culture. The rituals that portray the organizations culture as unique and possesses a small-company feel are portrayed daily at lunchtime, where almost all employees eat together at the many various office cafà ©s while at the same time having an open, relaxed conversations with fellow Googlers that come from different teams (Google.com, 2010). Also, because one of the Google cultures main pillars are the pillar of innovation, every Googler are very comfortable at sharing ideas, thoughts, and opinions with one another in a very informal working environment. Every employee is a hands-on contributor and everyone wears several hats (Google.com, 2010). Sergey and Brin also plays a big part of laying the foundation on what the Google culture is and the founders have continued to maintain the Google Way by organizing a weekly all-hands TGIF meetings for employees to pose questions directly at them (Google.com, 2010). In Google, the motivated employees who live the Google brand and are aligned to the company call themselves Googlers. Even former employees of Google have a name which they refer to themselves as Xooglers (Garret, 2005). This shows that in Google, their employees are so involved in the organization that they have their own symbolic name that mirrors the organizations name and image, which is a sure sign of an existing strong cultural values that are present within the company. After tremendous growth in Google, the organization moved from a humble office building in Palo Alto, California back in its early days to its current office complex bought over from Silicon Graphics. The complex is popularly known as the Googleplex, which is a blend of the word Google and complex (Googleplex, 2005). Googleplex is the result of a careful selection that serves to establish Googles unique and individualistic culture in the eyes of the employees and the public. The corporate campus is built to provide a very fun, relaxed and colorful environment both inside and outside. Innovative design decisions provides Google employees 2000 car lots underground so that open spaces above and surrounding the building are filled with unique and interesting architectures that includes an on-site organic garden that supplies produces for Googles various cafes, a bronze casting of a dinosaur fossil, a sand volleyball court, heated endless pools and also electric scooters along with hundre ds of bikes scattered throughout the complex for Googlers to get to meetings across campuses (Google, 2009). Googleplex is a significant departure from typical corporate campuses, challenging conventional thinking about private and public space. This also points out the alignment of values that are present in Googles culture such as innovation, fun, laid-back, creativity and uniqueness that clearly shows that their organizational culture is truly unique and different from that of their competitors and other organizations. Within the Googleplex, a truly attractive, fun and extraordinary workplace environment exists for Google employees. The interior of the headquarters is furnished with items like lava lamps and giant rubber balls while sofas, Google color coded chairs, and pool tables can be found at lounges and bar counters to express Googles laid-back working atmosphere. The lobby contains a grand piano and a projection of current live Google search queries (Google, 2009). The employees various needs are also taken care of by facilities such as the 19 cafes on campus which serves a variety of food choices for their diverse workforce, a gym, massage parlor, laundromats, and even micro kitchens, which provides snacks for employees who want a quick bite (Google, 2009). This ensures that employees can be more productive and happy without ever leaving the workplace. A manifestation of Googles creative and innovative culture is shown by the unconventional building design with high ceilings to let natural light in, durable floors made of tiny quartz stones, working British phone booths splashed in Google colors, and lounges that also serve as DIY libraries with cleverly placed low-reach book racks adorned with colorful Lego sets and cubes (Google, 2009). All these innovative, creative and colorful designs are symbols of Googles unique organizational culture that emphasizes on continuous innovation. Google engages their employees by applying adaptive culture in the organization. From their core competency in search engine technology, Google has responded to customers change in needs by expanding onto the mobile market. The employees analyze, anticipate and seek out the opportunities to improve the organizations performance by being proactive and quick in coming out with new technologies and solutions for mobile services. It aims to help people all over the world to do more tasks on their phone, not to mention the several different ways to access their Google search engine on a mobile phone (Google, 2008). In addition, Google recently entered the smartphone market by launching the Google Nexus One smartphone in response to customers increasing need for smartphones, which is gaining ground on popularity because everyone is going mobile in the Information Age. This is the result of Google employees common mental model that the organizations success depends on continuous change to s upport the stakeholders and also that they are solely responsible for the organizations performance (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The employees also believe that by entering into other markets beyond their core competency, the change is necessary and inevitable to keep pace with an ever changing and volatile technological market. Googles organizational culture places a huge importance of trust and transparency by having an informal corporate motto namely Dont be evil. This slogan has become a central pillar to their identity and a part of their self-proclaimed core principles. It also forms the ethical codes of the organization where Google establishes a foundation for honest decision-making that disassociates Google from any and all cheating. Its ethical principles means that Google sets guiding principles for their advertising programs and practices, which is where most of their revenues come from. Google doesnt breach the trust of its users so it doesnt accept pop-up advertising, which is a disruptive form of advertisement that hinders with the users ability to see the content that they searched (Stahl, 2004). And because they dont manipulate rankings to put any of their partners higher in their search results or allow anyone to buy their way up the PageRank, the integrity of their search results are not c ompromised. This way, users trust Googles objectivity and their ethical principles is one of the reason why Googles ad business had become so successful. The founders of Google believe strongly that in the long term we will be better served, as shareholders and in all other ways, by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains. Content An Introduction to Organizational Culture Every organization is unique in the sense that each and every one of them has their own distinct way of going about doing their business. This unique style of doing business that is different in every organization is made out of a complete combination of the artefacts, values, attitudes and shared assumptions of that organization whereby it is known as organizational culture. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2008), organizational culture consists of shared values and assumptions that guide the way that employees within that organization think and act and how they react to opportunities and solve problems. The employees of that particular organization are directed and guided by the right way of doing tasks and learn how to prioritize tasks that are important and to differentiate those tasks with other less important tasks. The employees also have certain beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals they should pursue in the organization and their own ideology about the appropriate kinds or standards of behavior they should use to achieve these goals (Hill and Jones, 2001). The Elements of Organizational Culture according to Schein (1985) Organizational culture consists of a few elements. According to Scheins study (as cited in McShane and Von Glinow, 2008), he defines culture as consisting of several levels that are made out of 2 primary categories that drive the organizations action. The categories are made out of the visible elements of culture and also the underlying assumptions underneath, which in other words is the invisible element of culture. Figure 1. (Based on Scheins Levels of Culture. Schein, 2004, Organizational culture and leadership, 27). Visible elements are the artefacts that are found in the culture, which is the physical elements of an organization that is observable (Schein, 2004). The visible element of culture is also said to be a manifestation of the cultures invisible values (Schein, 2004). Artefacts can be stories, legends, rituals and ceremonies, organizational language and also the physical structures of the organization (Schein, 2004). The invisible elements of the culture are made out of espoused values, shared values and shared assumptions. Espoused values are essentially the philosophies, goals and strategies that are stated by the management (Schein, 2004). In addition, shared values which are values that employees in the organization believe in and prioritize at the top of their hierarchy of values and also which they all share in common (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Along with shared values, another deeper element of culture, which some experts say is the real essence of culture, are shared assump tions which consists of unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or beliefs and also thoughts and feelings of individuals within organizations (Schein, 2004). Organizational Stories and Legends Stories are a part of the organization that shows the existence of a strong culture. Stories can be tales that talk about courageous things done by an employee of the company, or to ridicule past events that had strayed from the firms core values (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The stories and legends serves as powerful social reminder about the way things should or should not be done. In addition, stories play an important role in communicating the organizations distinct culture in terms of the employees individual standard of performance, the corporate beliefs and also criteria of getting fired (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Stories in the organization can evoke emotion in those that hear these tales which will serve as a permanent reminder to the employees to uphold the organizational culture. Stories is also the greatest way to communicate the culture when it is about real people, real situations and known by employees throughout the firm (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Rituals and Ceremonies Rituals are a dramatized version of an organizations culture by the customary activities of daily organizational life (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). This can include how visitors are welcomed, how often does senior executive s pay a visit to their subordinates, how much time does the employee take lunch and how the employees communicate with each other. Ceremonies on the other hand are more formal than rituals. Ceremonies are activities that are carried out especially for the benefit of an audience (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Among the examples are product launches, press conferences and webcasts. Organizational language Organizational language is defined as the so-called language of the workplace (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). It speaks volumes about the companys culture and can portray distinct, unique and important features of an organizations culture by defining the way employees address their colleagues, greet their stakeholders and describe their customers. It is also a cultural artifact and highlights values that are held by organizational subcultures. How terms are used to describe something and how employees communicate with each other determines the character of an organizations culture. Physical structures and symbols Former British prime minister, Winston Churchill once said that buildings both reflect and influence an organizations culture. Physical structures and symbols such as buildings and the company logo does and can reflect or influence an organizations culture (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The characteristics of the building such as the age, the shape, size, and location can also reveal the values that a company practices such as emphasizing flexibility, teamwork, environmental friendliness or any other values. The company logo characteristics such as the color, symbolic meaning, shape and characters can also portray the organizations culture. Physical artifacts such as desks, chairs, office space, and wall hangings can also denote cultural meanings (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Importance of a Strong Organizational Culture According to McShane and Von Glinow (2008), a strong organizational culture is very important to a company. It is so valuable and precious to a company because it can give a sort of competitive advantage over other competitors. Companies with a strong culture are likely to succeed, but success is not guaranteed for a company with a strong organizational culture and it is subject to a particular set of conditions. One of these conditions is the strength of the organizational culture. It is referring as to how widely and deeply employees are holding the companys dominant values and assumptions. In a strong organizational culture, most employees across all subunits maintains the dominant values (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The values are also difficult to change because they are institutionalized through artifacts. In addition, strong cultures are often put in place by the company founders values and assumptions. In contrast, weak cultures exist when dominant values are only held by a few people at the top of the organization and are short-lived. Some experts like Kotter Heskett, Tidball, Cremer, Besanko, Dranove, Shanley (as cited in Muafi, 2009) have established that organizational culture has a significant effect on an organizations long-term sustainability, economic performance and outcomes such as profitability, turnover and commitment. They also indicated that congruence of values and beliefs seems to create a unifying force that boosts organizational performance. In Pfiffner and Sherwoods study (as cited in Mahal, 2009), they suggested that there is a positive relationship between the culture and effectiveness of a firm. Wilderom et al., (as cited in Mahal, 2009) described that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and effectiveness. Culture helps to reduce conflicts in the organization according to Gales study (as cited in Mahal, 2009), and make the organization more participative and zealous. Adaptive Cultures Adaptive culture is defined as an organizational culture that exists when employees places their customers and stakeholders changing needs as a top priority and giving their support to initiatives that keep pace with these changes (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Embedding Ethical Values According to Hellriegel and Slocum (2009), organizational culture involves a complex interaction between formal and informal systems that may support ethical or unethical behavior. Formal systems include policies, structure, leadership, orientation, training programs, reward systems and decision-making processes. On the other hand, informal systems include rituals, stories, heroes, myths, sagas, language and norms (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009). McShane and Von Glinow (2008) also shares a somewhat similar view with Hellriegel and Slocum (2009) on the possibility that organizational culture can affect and influence ethical conduct. This is logical because good behavior are influenced and directed by ethical values that are present in the individual. Therefore, organizations can guide the actions and behaviors of its employees by planting ethical values in its culture (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). In a similar way, Hellriegel and Slocum (2009) also thinks that the organizational cultu re seems to affect ethical behavior. For example, the culture that upholds and places importance on ethical norms is a culture that encourages ethical behavior. Furthermore, the founders also play an important role in enforcing ethical behavior by exhibiting the right behavior. Pros and cons in applicable theories and models for Google Satisfied employees not only increase productivity and reduce turnover, but also enhance creativity and commitment (Chen, Yang, Shiau, Wang, 2006). Based on the findings, Google is already having a playful variation culture in the organization for the employees. This can enable the employees to have an enjoyment environment and this will be able enhance the relationship between the employees and strengthen their bond to work as a team. An enjoyment environment definitely can let the employees to feel satisfied and subsequently will increase productivity. Apart from that, this will shape a convenient work process for the employees that will smoothen the decision making process for the management team. Google already identified the employees are the organizations internal customers and this is the reason why it has been constantly giving employees a sense of purpose, enhancing their self-esteem and sense of belonging for being a part of the organization. The company was reorganized in to small teams that attacked hundreds of projects all at once. The founders give the employees great latitude, and they take the same latitude for themselves. Eric Schmidt says that Google merely appears to be disorganized. We say we run the company chaotically. We run it at the edge. This can adapt the culture Google and therefore they can individually to generate the ideas on their own. On the other hand, Google hires employees that have good academic results but without practical experience and this will be a threat to Google in terms of their organizations operation. Google is a results-driven organization and if employees with only creative ideas but lacking of skills to realize the ideas they have initially planned, this will absolutely reduce the productivity of the organizations. Google had been public listed on year 2004 and therefore Google had to take the shareholders views into consideration before making any decision. The shareholders had been strongly emphasizing on reducing the employee benefits due to the high cost invested on it. This leads to the organizational culture would be degraded and the employees would feel less satisfied and affect their produced results. Employees are very important asset the Google while the shareholders also the contributor of funds for Google. The management team has to weight the importance of both of the stakeholders f or the Google as this will create a different organizational culture. Recommendation We recommend Google to hire more experienced people instead of the good academic results for the good future of the organization. More experienced employee had already encounter different cultures from other organizations and would be able to inject a better culture for Google. Due to the fact that more experienced employee can also be a mentor for those younger new employees to enhance the productivity throughout the company. Explicit and tacit knowledge are both very important by being acquired by all the employees. Most of the Googles employees they graduate from university with flying colour result, it means they have sufficient explicit knowledge which the knowledge is organized and can be communicated from one person to another. But they are lacking of tacit knowledge which is not documented and it is action oriented, tacit knowledge can only be acquired by taking action or from someone who has experienced before. Apart from that, Google also can implement a cultural assessment for the organization to investigate to ensure that the organizations also maintaining and keeping the core value in this competitive business environment. After assessing the cultural in the organization, the management can come out with a new set or standard of operations so this will create leverage between the shareholders and employees. Hence, the stakeholders of Google would eventually feel each and every of them are fairly treated. All the employees in Google are highly independent, they work independently because they are given very high power in making decision, and this is a good culture of having this organization structure but an invisible competition and conflict among employees are underlying. Furthermore, according to Bakar, Salleh, Ling (2008), a need for a more controlled bureaucratic culture is necessary. A high score on bureaucracy means the organisation is power-oriented, cautious, established, solid, regulated, ordered, structured, procedural and hierarchical. Conflict increase with the level of interdependence, in order to minimize dysfunctional conflict might need to minimize the level of interdependence between the parties. We recommend the organization to use human buffers who serve as intermediaries between interdependent people or work units who do not get along through direct interaction. Conclusion After reviewing information about organizational culture and doing the case study on Google, it is shown that the company does have a unique culture that is begins with the founders of Google. Sergey Brin and Larry Page has established the Google culture that is based on informality, creativity, innovation and fun (Google, 2010). This can be seen throughout the company through the artifacts that are present in the company. The way how employees greet and refer to one another as fellow Googlers, where the headquarters of Google are located in a unique and fun place that looks more like a campus than an office, or the way Google treats its employees by providing perks and benefits for them. The importance of organizational culture has shown through the example of the Google case study. Employees have high motivation at the company because they have a heightened sense of purpose and mission at the company. This is why even some employees who became millionaires are still working at Google (Stahl, 2004). Because the founders of Google set the mission to improve the world and to organize the worlds information, that the employees have similar values and beliefs and therefore find themselves aligned with the company. Nevertheless, not every company can apply the Google culture in their organization. The findings of Bakar, Salleh, Ling (2008) suggests that not all types of corporate culture could invoke an increase in the employees job performance. The study concludes that overall corporate culture does have a significant and positive correlation with job performance. Nevertheless, not all types of corporate culture produce significant correlation with the job performance. Here, only entrepreneurial, bureaucratic and competitive cultures are statistically significant in correlations with the job performance. Thus, an organization that strives to improve their employees job performance should inculcate innovative culture that creates an exciting and dynamic environment in which entrepreneurial and ambitious people thrive in this environment. Therefore, it is clearly shown that Googles culture is a unique organizational culture that cannot necessarily be applied in other organizations successfully, especially for organizations that reside in different industries other than the information technology field.