Report of the Working Group on the Environment and Forests Sector Free Essays

REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON RESEARCH, EDUCATION, TRAINING, CAPACITY BUILDING AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS SECTOR FOR THE ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-2012) [pic] Government of India Planning Commission New Delhi REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUP ON RESEARCH, EDUCATION, TRAINING, CAPACITY BUILDING AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS SECTOR FOR THE ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-2012) [pic] Government of India Planning Commission New Delhi Contents |Page | |Preface |1 | |Summary |3 | |Chapter 1: Introduction |5 | |Chapter 2: Existing Institutional Set up |10 | |Chapter 3: Salient accomplishments of X Plan |22 | |Chapter 4: Emerging Challenges and Vision for future |47 | |Chapter 5: Strategies and Approach for the XI Plan |63 | |Chapter 6: Thrust Areas for XI Plan |77 | |Chapter 7: Proposals for XI Plan |98 | |Summary of Recommendations |129 | |Annexure | |1. Rundown of Working Group Members Terms of Reference |144 | |2: Sub Groups Const itution |147 | |3. Truncations |152 | PREFACE Indian Environment and Forests Sector is confronting significant difficulties in the quick changing worldwide and Indian situation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Report of the Working Group on the Environment and Forests Sector or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now It requires no less a progressive methodology than the ‘green’ or ‘white’ transformation. The key ecological difficulties that the nation faces identify with the nexus of natural debasement with destitution in numerous measurements, and monetary development. Further, The job of woodlands in neediness easing, giving merchandise and enterprises to the general public, guaranteeing ecological security of the nation and advancing carbon sequestration has accepted a lot more prominent significance than at any other time. There are various other significant biological systems lying outside the conventional limits of the woods which require immediate or roundabout intercessions of foresters in relationship with different partners. The Research and Development (RD) methodology needs to consider protection and economical administration of woods and woodland creation prospects outside backwoods. We need a Common Research and Development Agenda. Likewise, the degree of desires from the ranger service calling has gone up. The foresters, researchers, analysts and educationists are required to assume diverse jobs to manage an assortment of externalities other than adapting up to the conventional ranger service and developing economical ranger service requests. These jobs request high level of mastery and ability in different fields requiring up-degree of specialized aptitudes and improvement of expert capacities in managing social, natural, financial and formative issues. All partners need to get included. The State and Central Research Institutions and Agricultural Universities need to work connected at the hip to accomplish national objectives. The Planning Commission (Environment and Forests Unit), vide its letter No. M-13033/1/2006-EF dated 21 August 2006, comprised a Working Group on Research, Education, Training, Capacity Building and Information Management for the Environment and Forests Sector for the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012), under the Chairmanship of the Secretary, MoEF. Keeping in see the immensity of the activity and decent variety of issues included, four Sub Groups were made to manage a particular subjects. Sub Groups held gatherings for thinking upon the different issues relating to this subject. In the middle of and later casual conversations through email among the individuals from the sub bunches were likewise held especially for those individuals who couldn't go to all the gatherings because of their distractions. The Chairman wishes to put on record his thankfulness and gratitude to all the individuals from the Working Groups and Sub Groups and for uninhibitedly giving his time and effectively taking an interest in the consultations. (Jagdish Kiswan) Director General, ICFRE Member Secretary, Working Group SUMMARY The Planning Commission, Government of India set out to set up a Working Group on Research , Education, Training Capacity Building and Information Management for the Environment and Forests Sector for the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007 †2012) ,under the Chairmanship of the Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests GOI. The Terms of Reference (TOR) of the working gatherings ran from making a basic audit of accomplishments in the field of Environmental and Forestry related Research and Education during the X Five Year Plan to suggesting technique and approaches on inquire about instruction, augmentation, preparing and limit building and data the board; basically looking at the job of research organizations in the earth and timberland part and proposing measures for successful coordination between the logical services of the Govt. of India managing Environmental and Forestry related exercises. The TOR further called for suggesting on core values for look into needs dependent on the worldwide responsibilities or preservation and national needs and foundation of information and data base for understanding appraisal arranging and checking. Considering the monstrosity of the errand in question, four Sub Groups on (I) Environmental Research, Education and Extension; (ii) Forestry Research, Education and Extension; (iii) Training and Capacity Building; and (iv) Information Management were comprised by the administrator to ponder on the issues and create reports. The sub bunches were to go into the consequence of the Terms of Reference. This report is the result of point by point conversations and the ends determined by these four sub gatherings. The report spreads more than seven parts. The province of Environment and Forests in India during the most recent five decades alongside the worldwide difficulties being confronted as of now have been managed in the Introduction. The vision, destinations order and exercises of the significant organizations under Govt. of India like, ICFRE, IGNFA, DFE ,FSI, IPIRTI and IIFM are managed finally under part 2 . Colleges and different organizations have additionally been managed in this part. Audit of the remarkable accomplishments by different foundations and associations during the X Five-Year Plan have been expounded in the third section. Section four arrangements with the significant difficulties and vision for future. Expansive regions of research ranger service augmentation and natural research and training have been examined in detail in section five under systems and approach. The significant push regions like agroforestry, watershed the board, woodland, fire, biodiversity preservation effect of ailments, restorative and NWFP, backwoods items and ventures and innovations for move have been distinguished under part six. Part seven contains suggestions and recommendations of the Working Group with expository support of the equivalent and featuring the organized Action Plan for the XI Five Year Plan. Likewise significant research programs under which condition related research could be upheld have been referenced in this section. In conclusion, to meet the objectives, financial plans for Environment and Forest Research, Education ,Extension, Training Capacity Building and Information Management have been worked out and a theoretical of the absolute expense given. An absolute expense of Rs. 70,319. 43 lakhs has been proposed for the XI Five Year Plan . Section 1 INTRODUCTION â€Å"A various creating society, for example, our own gives various difficulties in the monetary, social, political, social, and ecological fields. These blend in the predominant basic of mitigation of mass destitution, figured in the different elements of vocation security, medicinal services, training, strengthening of the burdened, and disposal of sex abberations. Over the political range of the nation there has been acknowledgment of the indispensable job normal assets play in giving employments, and making sure about existence bolster natural administrations. Maintainable improvement worries in the feeling of upgrade of human prosperity, comprehensively considered, are a common topic in India’s advancement theory. The current day agreement reflects three essential desires. For this to happen there is a requirement for equalization and agreement between financial, social and natural needs of the nation. India additionally assumes a significant job in a few critical global activities worried about the earth. It is involved with the key multilateral understandings, and perceives the interdependencies among, and trans-limit character of, a few ecological issues. † †Excerpts for The National Environment Policy 2006 (NEP). 1. 1During the last five to six decades it has been progressively seen that the life-supporting possibilities of our planet Earth has been disintegrating quickly and may eventually undermine the very presence of Biosphere. The underlying driver for draining life supporting possibilities of the earth is the natural debasement through anthropogenically-intercede exercises. The ozone exhaustion, environmental change, desertification, tropical deforestation, species annihilation, and contamination of water, soil and air are a portion of the ecological issues of worldwide concern. 1. The Tenth Plan had perceived that ecological maintainability â€Å"is impossible however an imperative†. Clean air, unadulterated water, protection of timberlands and untamed life and age of greenery are the fundamentals for a solid situation. Counteraction of corruption of land, controlling floods and dry spells, forestalling desertification, protection of delicate eco-framework, avoidance of deforestation, preserving bio-assorted variety and alleviating water and air contamination every current test for organizers and arrangement producers. 1. 3 The idea of practical improvement has risen as a remedy for human endurance and simultaneously guarantees long haul upkeep of environment wellbeing.

Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases Essays -- Climate Change Environme

A dangerous atmospheric devation and Greenhouse Gases The centralization of the environment's primary ozone depleting substances explicitly, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water fume, have expanded fundamentally during the mechanical age. These high fixations are anticipated to proceed in the air for a huge number of years to come. This expansion in uncommonly carbon dioxide, builds the infrared vitality taken in by the climate, and warming the world's surface. The Global mean temperature in the course of recent years has ascended between 0.3 degrees C and 0.6 degrees C. Atmosphere changes that have been anticipated depend on the consistent ascent in Green House Gases. These progressions remember changes for: increment in mean surface air temperature, increment in worldwide mean paces of precipitation and dissipation, rising ocean level, and changes in the biosphere. There are numerous causes to the ascent in Green House Gases in the climate. The ascend in carbon dioxide in the climate is to a great extent identified with the burning of non-renewable energy sources and concrete creation (Hansen). The expansion in methane is do to rice development, creature cultivation, biomass consuming, and landfills (Kattenberg). Nitrous oxide is on the ascent in view of modern sources like adipic corrosive and nitric corrosive creation (Kattenberg). Different gases not referenced over that smallly affect the Green House Gas proposed issue, is CFC-11 and CFC-12, these Gases are know to general society similar to a huge wellspring of warming, despite the fact that catalyzing deterioration of stratospheric ozone, they try not to represent an incredible danger. Since people in general was advised of these mixes in refrigerants, splash forces, and froth blowing; the air fixations have diminished enormously (Prather). ... ...the previous 160,000 years. Nature, 345, 1990. Charlson, R. J. Atmosphere driving by anthropogenic mist concentrates. Science 255, 1992. Douglas B. C. Worldwide ocean level ascent, J. geophys. Res., 96 (C4), 6981-6992, 1991. Hansen, J. E. (1998). Atmosphere forcings in the mechanical period. Livermore: Willams Press. Kattenberg, A. (1996). Environmental Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Krabill. W. Quick diminishing of parts of the southern Greenland ice sheet. Science 283, 1999. Peixoto, J. P., and A. H. Oort (1992). Material science of Climate. New York: American Institute of Physics. Prather, M. P. The ozone layer: The street not taken. Nature 381, 1996. Wang, W. C. Deficiency of full of feeling CO2 as an intermediary in recreating the nursery impact of other radiatively dynamic gases. Nature 350, 1991.

What Does It Mean to Have Type D Personality

What Does It Mean to Have Type D Personality Theories Personality Psychology Print Are You a Type D Personality? Type D personality traits can be harmful to your health and relationships By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 18, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 28, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Traits Signs Emotional Challenges Physical Health Relationships School and Career Coping Skills How to Help a Type D View All Back To Top Do you tend to feel gloomy, keep to yourself, hide your emotions from others and tend to see the glass as half empty? You might be a type D personality.?? Personality types were originally identified by cardiologists in the 1950s to help determine patients who might be at greater risk for heart disease. As research has continued to develop over the years, more personality types have been identified and labeled with specific letters to represent a found set of patterned personality traits. You have likely heard of type A personality before, which involves traits such as competitiveness, aggressiveness, and high levels of ambition. People with type A personality are found to be at greater risk of experiencing cardiac health complications such as high blood pressure and heart disease.?? When we discuss personality types like this we are not referring to an established mental health diagnosis, but a pattern of traits that can help researchers learn who might be at risk for cardiac disease and other physical health complications. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell Type D Personality Traits Type D is a particular personality type first labeled in the 1990s by Belgian psychologist and researcher Johan Denollet. The letter D in this type of personality stands for distressed and is referring to a set of personality traits that involve things like:?? Feelings of worrySadnessIrritabilityPessimistic outlookNegative self-talkAvoidance of social situationsLack of self-confidenceFear of rejectionAppearing gloomyHopelessness Even though many of us can feel a variety of these things at times, people with type D personality experience these traits more frequently than the average person and more consistently over time.?? A personality type is not attempting to offer a mental health diagnosis, only a notable pattern of behavior that can be researched as related to physical health, particularly cardiac and immune health. How to Know If Youre Type D To better understand type D personality and how it correlates with physical health risks, researchers have developed a standard assessment designed to help identify those with type D personality traits referred to as the Type D Scale-14 (DS14). This tool helps researchers measure for social inhibition and negative affectivity, both hallmark traits of type D personality.?? Social inhibition means that people tend to shy away from social interactions, possibly due to fear of rejection or judgment, and that they tend to lack confidence in social situations. Negative affectivity means that people experience negatively valued emotions such as sadness, worry, and irritability. Questions to Consider If you are curious if you might have type D personality traits, it can be helpful to consider questions such as the following:Do I tend to bottle up my emotions and not show them to others?Do I find it difficult to meet new people?Do I become easily overwhelmed in sticky situations?Do I tend to avoid social interactions when possible?Do I often talk negatively to myself?Do I often find myself feeling sad or irritable?Do I tend to be in a bad mood much of the time?Do I worry a lot? Emotional Challenges Sharing emotions with people close to us can feel vulnerable to many of us. The idea of sharing emotions with others can feel downright terrifying for someone with type D personality traits. Type D individuals commonly fear rejection and judgment from others and, in an effort to protect themselves from those experiences, will often work diligently to hide their emotions. In addition to the fear of judgment and rejection, people with type D traits may find it difficult to trust others, especially in times of emotional distress. As you might imagine, this effort to keep emotions contained can be a challenge. People with type D personality traits often experience negative emotions and are often left feeling as if there is no one to turn to. In addition to their fears of rejection and judgment, type D individuals may also fear burdening people with their emotional distress, especially those closest to them.?? What Are Common Introversion Traits? Physical Health Type D individuals work hard to stifle, cover, and hide their most challenging emotions, often leading to health complications and putting them at risk for things like coronary artery disease (CAD), compromised immune function, and chronic inflammation.?? Research continues to grow in these areas to help doctors and other healing practitioners identify patient risk and areas of needed care. Working hard to suppress or hide their emotions can cause an extraordinary amount of distress to the type D persons body, such as increasing heart rate, causing blood pressure to rise, and an increase in blood sugar released. Early research by Denollet suggested just how influential type D traits might be on physical health. In surveying over 300 patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program, they found that approximately 27 percent of type D patients had died within the following 10 years, as compared to only 6 percent in the group not identified with type D personality traits. Additionally, among almost 900 patients who underwent coronary artery surgery, type D patients were over four times more likely to have a heart attack or die within nine months of their surgery.?? Your Personality Type Can Impact Physical and Mental Health Relationships Because type D personalities struggle with increased worry, sadness, and can also find it challenging to engage in social interaction, relationships can be an area of struggle for those with type D traits.?? Social inhibition limits the persons ability to connect with others at any level of relationships, from those in more casual roles, such as co-workers or acquaintances, to friendships and intimate relationships. When type D individuals find that they can connect with someone, it may be difficult to grow and maintain the relationship as their negative effect continues to show up in the relationship dynamic. They can be perceived as pessimistic, gloomy, and potentially unapproachable to partners, friends, and family members. School and Career People with type D personality traits can experience challenges at school or work. With a tendency to be more socially inhibited, it can be difficult for type D individuals to develop and maintain connections with others. This tendency to avoid or resist social interactions can make it challenging to find a sense of belonging and shared interests with others, as well as cause type D individuals increased distress when faced with group tasks or projects that require them to collaborate with others. Because of their more inhibited nature, type D individuals may be viewed as disengaged or perceived as unwilling to participate.?? Knowing that type D individuals are often challenged with experiencing unpleasant emotions and struggle with negative self-talk, it is understandable that they can also struggle with setting and achieving personal goals. Whether at work or at school, stress over assignments or projects can cause type D individuals to experience excessive worry. In this emotional state, they may tend to forecast negative outcomes or can easily find reasons why something will not work out well. Steps to Take If You Are Type D Although identified as those struggling with excessive distress, type D individuals can learn methods to better help them live a full and enjoyable life. Not only may their emotional experiences and outlook change by taking some of these steps, but their physical health has a chance of improving as well. Learning new ways to handle stress, to increase hope and optimism, and to overcome social inhibition can be key factors in helping type D individuals live their best lives. Helpful steps that a type D personality can make to improve their quality of life involve the following areas:?? Positive Self-Talk: Identifying and challenging old patterns of negative self-talk can help people begin to understand how this has impacted their decision making, behaviors, and relationships. Taking time to discover and incorporate honest, positive self-talk can be a game changer for type D individuals.Emotional Regulation: Dealing with sadness, stress, and worry can be a challenge for type D personality types. Understanding how these emotions work and tuning in to how they can be of help to us can allow for healthier decision making and less distress. For example, they might consider, When I feel irritable, what is it that Im needing?Healthy Coping Skills: Incorporating new, healthy behaviors to help cope with moments of distress can be helpful. Since many type D individuals have become so good at bottling up and hiding their emotions, learning to become more aware of their emotional patterns can help them to better navigate distress and cope in healthier ways.Interpersonal Skills : Inhibition is a hallmark of type D personality types, so learning how to overcome social challenges is key. Finding ways to reach out to others, looking for common interests and learning how to take small emotional risks with others can offer great practice. This can be something as simple as saying, Hello to someone new, or learning how to initiate conversation with others.Exercise: Incorporating regular exercise into our everyday routines can be helpful on a variety of levels. For those with type D personality traits, it can allow them to better regulate their emotions and find healthy coping behaviors. Physical exercise helps to regulate stress hormones and can offer us an opportunity to relieve tension.Distress Tolerance: Life naturally has ups and downs, so eliminating distress completely is not a realistic option. However, learning healthy ways to manage stressful moments is of great help. Techniques like breathing, mindfulness, and practicing gratitude are examples of appro priate ways to manage stressful situations.Self-Efficacy: People with type D personality traits can find it hard to feel hopeful and empowered to influence change in their own lives. Discovering and celebrating small victories can help people to increase their sense of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a concept that refers to how competent we believe we are and the level to which we see ourselves as able to successfully complete tasks, for example. Celebrating victories, no matter how small, and taking inventory of our strengths can be of help to increase our sense of self-efficacy.Relationship Building: Because of their inhibition and fears around rejection and judgment, it is understandable that type D individuals have a hard time building and keeping close relationships. Learning how to trust, communicate effectively, and be a healthy partner can be instrumental in increasing quality of life in this area. Counseling can help people learn how to effectively navigate conflict in rel ationships and offer people guidance on how to build and maintain close, healthy connections.Goal-Setting: Hopefulness and optimism are a challenge for type D individuals. Learning to set meaningful goals can help people gain clarity of their personal values and priorities. Short term goal-setting can allow people to learn how to focus on their future with an increased sense of hope, optimism, and confidence.Mindfulness: Mindfulness, prayer, and meditation can offer type D personalities a way to find calm, increase peace, regain hope, and offer a reliable method for regulating their emotions in times of distress. There are a variety of benefits, emotionally and physically, to practicing mindfulness and learning how to slow ourselves down when beginning to experience distress. How to Help a Type D You may care for someone with type D personality traits, which can present challenges of their own. Knowing that type D individuals tend to experience distress, yet have learned to bottle it up and hide it well, it can be difficult for those around them to know when they could use help.?? The type D individual in your own life may have become so good at hiding or stifling their negative emotions that you might find it surprising that they struggle at all. So, how can you help? There are a few ways that loved ones can offer support and encouragement for those with type D personality traits. The most important step you can take is to reach out to the person. You dont have to know exactly what to say, it is just important that you make the effort to reach out and connect. People with type D personality traits can feel lonely in their distress and become hesitant to want to let anyone into their emotional experience. Because they find it hard to reach out, it can be helpful for loved ones to check in with them every now and then to see how they are doing. Even if the type D individual finds it difficult to discuss their emotions or let you into their experience, the fact that you took time to reach out is noticed by them and appreciated. If your type D person tends to withdraw and this sense of isolation is impacting their physical health, take an opportunity to invite them to the gym with you, to go for a walk, or engage in a fun and healthy activity. Anything that allows them the opportunity to move and connect with others can be of great benefit for the type D individual. Offering an emotionally safe space for them to talk is helpful to a type D personality. Fear of rejection and judgment can lead them to not want to reach out and can make it difficult for them to trust or be vulnerable with people, even those who are close friends and family. Showing interest in their emotional well-being and providing reassurance that you are available when they are ready is key for helping the type D individual learn how to reach out to others when in distress, rather than bottling their emotions and feeling isolated. How to Care for Someone With Anxiety or Depression

Essay on Herbert Hoover - 1312 Words

Herbert Hoover Herbert Hoover called it a noble experiment. Organized crime found it to be the opportunity of a lifetime. Millions of Americans denounced it as an infringement of their rights. For nearly 14 years—from Jan. 29, 1920, until Dec. 5, 1933--the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal in the United States. The 18th, or Prohibition, Amendment to the Constitution was passed by Congress and submitted to the states in 1917. By Jan. 29, 1919, it had been ratified. Enforcement legislation entitled the National Prohibition Act (or more popularly, the Volstead act, after Representative Andrew J. Volstead of Minnesota) was passed on Oct. 28, 1919, over President Woodrow Wilson’s veto. The 18th†¦show more content†¦Called the 15-gallon law, it prohibited the sale of alcohol in amounts of less than 15 gallons (57 liters). This limited the sale of alcohol to the wealthy. In 1846 Maine passed the first state Prohibition law. By the mid-1850s 13 states had such laws, but by 1863 all except Maine had repealed them. Two major temperance organizations emerged in the decade after the Civil War. The National Prohibition party was founded in 1869 and the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) in 1874. Partly through their efforts six states adopted Prohibition by 1890. The strongest force behind the movement for national Prohibition, however, was the Anti-Saloon League, founded in 1893. Unlike the Prohibition party, it did not put up candidates for public office. Instead it worked for or against Democratic and Republican candidates, depending on their attitude toward drinking. The league was successful in getting 33 states to pass restrictive legislation by 1920. Forces favoring Prohibition represented a reaction against changes that were taking place in the United States. Rural and small-town values were being challenged by rapidly industrializing cities. Millions of new immigrants—mostly Roman Catholics—from Eastern and Southern Europe were viewed as a threat by the Protestant majority. Prohibition was an attempt to reassert what were considered traditional American values and to force newer members of theShow MoreRelatedHerbert Hoover4987 Words   |  20 PagesHerbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874. He was the thirty first president of the United States. Hoovers Term for President was from 1929 to 1933. He was a world-wide known mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. • As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted economic modernization. In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican Nomination. The nation was prosperousRead MoreHerbert Hoover Essay1957 Words   |  8 PagesHerbert Hoover was known as the Great Humanitarian and the Great Engineer. Yet, he was blamed almost entirely for the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover accomplished much in his life, but it was definitely not an easy journey; he went through the ups and downs of the learning years that paved the path leading to his presidency, and he ultimately faced his fears. Herbert Hoover was born in the rural town of West Branch, Iowa on August 10, 1874, to Jesse and Hulda Hoover. Herbert was born in one ofRead MoreWill Mcclellan3/5/17. Herbert Hoover. Herbert Herbert Is874 Words   |  4 PagesWill McClellan 3/5/17 Herbert Hoover Herbert Herbert is America’s 31st President and served between the years 1929-1933. He was president during some tough times such as the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression. These were tough tasks for a president and since the Great Depression lasted so long, I don’t believe that he handled them very well so I believe that Herbert Hoover belongs in the hall of shame. Hoover became President in March, 1929. The stock marketRead MoreHoover s Inadequate Performance By Herbert Hoover903 Words   |  4 Pagesbiography Herbert Hoover, the primary factor that caused Hoover’s inadequate performance was his inability to effectively lead as a president. Leuchtenberg states in the biography that President Hoover was not the most effective galvanizer. Even with Hoover’s successful history with economics and coordinating of political activities, it was evidently not enough for him to lead the nation with. In the biography, Leuchtenberg dives into the background of Hoover to delve into what shaped Hoover as anRead More President Herbert Hoover Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover was the 31st president of the United States. During his first year in office the Wall Street crash of 1929 occurred. He was blamed for the resulting collapse of the economy, and his unpopular policies brought an end to a brilliant career in public office. After the inauguration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1933, however, Hoover remained a leading critic of the New Deal and a spokesman for the Republican party. Early Life Born on Aug. 10Read MoreThe Great Depression By Herbert Hoover1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthis great calamity, such as overproduction, banking and money policies, and stock market practices. Overproduction was when food and products were being made, but no one could afford to buy them. The soon-to-be President of the United States, Herbert Hoover, was the federal government’s food administrator at the time and he started by ‘encouraging’ the farmers to grow more food, so that the United Sates could provide some to their allies in Europe. The conflict was that though the Europeans did needRead MoreThe Great Depression and President Herbert Hoover783 Words   |  4 Pagespresident, Herbert Hoover greatly impacted the lives of many Americans. It has been stated that the stalk market crash was to blame for the greatest economic downturn in American; however, Ex-President Hoover made critical mistakes during the depression that he would be blamed for the rest of his life. The Great Depression began in 1929, 7 months after the Ex-President’s election. (Insert cite) Instead of â€Å"using the power of the federal government to squarely address it† (I C), Hoover vetoed manyRead MoreHerbert Hoover s Tragic Childhood893 Words   |  4 Pages Herbert Hoover was orphaned at the tender age of nine after his father suffered a heart attack while battling pneumonia shortly after his mother fell ill with a combination of pneumonia and typhoid fever and passed away. The death of both parents left Herbert and his siblings to live the rest of their childhoods with distant relatives. Hoover’s tragic childhood did not in any shape or form foreshadow his future. For the majority of Hoover s life, he was tossed around from relative to relativeRead MoreAnalysis Of Herbert Hoover s The Great Gatsby 1043 Words   |  5 Pages This script presents as a historical, character driven drama that explores an interesting part of Herbert Hoover’s life as a secretary and mining scout in Australia. The tone is consistently dramatic with a nice element of wit and humor. The era, culture, and time period feel authentic and believable. The historical information feels well researched. Hoover’s goal to become rich and marry the woman of his dreams is well established and drives Hoover’s actions. Will the story has the potentialRead MoreHerbert Hoover s The Great Depression2059 Words   |  9 Pages Herbert Hoover got many things wrong about the great economic calamity that destroyed his presidency and his historical reputation, but he got one thing right. Much legend to the contrary, the Great Depression was not entirely, perhaps not even principally, made in America. â€Å"The primary cause of the Great Depression, â€Å"was the war of 1914–1918.† Though economists and historians continue to this day to debate the proximate causes of the Great Depression, there can be little doubt that the

The Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver - 1241 Words

Bauer 1 Zoe Bauer Mrs. Carroll AP English IV – 5th hour 7 April 2015 We live in a paternalistic society which is defined as a society controlled and run by men. Men not only dominate in government and business, but they also make the rules for the world that we live in. It is said to be a man s world. In essentially every past and present known society, women have not been treated as the full equals of men. A woman s main value is to support a man, bear children, and housekeeping duties. This is how it has always been in most cultures. The novel, The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, shows the paternalistic society in which the Price family lives in. In 1959 an obstinate Baptist minister named Nathan Price drags his wife and four daughters deep into the heart of the Congo on a mission to save the unenlightened souls of Africa. Nathan Price is a prime example of an arrogant father. He, a servant of God, seems to think that he is God. This complex is magnified by the fact that the minister has a low opinion of the female sex in general, and he doe s not exclude his daughters or his wife. In a society where men and women are not seen as equals, women struggle to find their identity. Nathan sees his wife children as burdens, rather than gifts. A child is supposed to be your pride and joy and Nathan does not see this. He is more of a ruler than a father. Orleanna even Bauer 2 asks him, â€Å"Is that how a father rules?† A family is not supposed to be one person ruling overShow MoreRelatedThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1124 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, the reader is introduced to the Price family, Baptist missionaries who are attempting to â€Å"Christianize† the country of Congo, more specifically the village of Kilanga. As the story progresses, the family realizes that they are not changing the Congo; instead, the Congo is changing them. The development of the characters within the novel is due to the instrument of cruelty. Although distasteful to regard it as such, cruelty motivatesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1352 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful. In the beginning of The Poisonwood Bible, Orleanna introduces to the readers in a third person’s point of view, â€Å"The daughters march behind her, each one tensed to fire off a womanâ⠂¬â„¢s heart on a different path to glory or damnation† (5). Orleanna, a mother who lives throughout the story of The Poisonwood Bible, acknowledges how women, in great numbers, are found walking down the path of trying to be successful. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, involves the Price family of 6, whichRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1142 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible Nowadays, in today’s society, survival is considered the basic instinct of all humans. Commonly defined as the state of â€Å"continuing to live or exist, in spite of an accident, ordeal or difficult circumstance,†(Dictionary) survival teaches us the will to succeed and face adversity despite the challenges and obstacles we may encounter along the way. In Barbara Kingsolver’s novel â€Å" The Poisonwood Bible,† there is a central theme of survival. Whether it includes finding suppliesRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1198 Words   |  5 PagesPeriod 2 Part I Title: The Poisonwood Bible Author: Barbara Kingsolver Date of Original Publication: 1998 Biographical information about the author (five facts): -Kingslover was born in 1955 - Throughout her life, she has lived in England, France, and the Canary Islands, and has worked in Europe, Africa, Asia, Mexico, and South America. - Kingsolver was named one the most important writers of the 20th Century by Writers Digest. - Her work, The Poisonwood Bible, was a finalist for the PulitzerRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1807 Words   |  8 Pageshalf of humanity, for the benefit of all†. Feminism, the act of advocating for female rights in order for them to be equal to those of men, has been an issue for hundreds of years that is sadly lacking present-day progression. In The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, five females narrate their experiences in Congo during the sixties under not only the Belgian’s rule, but more terribly, under the tyranny of Nathan Price, a Baptist preacher on a mission to convert â€Å"arrogant† Congolese people intoRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver1295 Words   |  6 Pages Imperialism has been a strong and long lasting force, oppressing societies for generations on end. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is continuously affected by this concept and ideology. Throughout this stor y, Kingsolver manipulates each family member and individual within the book, to better show Western and European ideas and attitudes, to convey the large amount of hypocrisy, in foreigner’s actions. 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Barbara Kingsolver uses the literary elements of plot, the characters, and point of view to develop the characterization and relationships between the Price family in the Poisonwood Bible. Throughout the book Kingsolver uses different aspectsRead MoreEssay on The Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver919 Words   |  4 Pagesa sure sense of self. But along with all these great things come regret, guilt, and shame of past events. Everyone deals with these in different ways, sometimes turning to religion and denial as coping mechanisms. In the novel The Poisonwood Bible, By Barbara Kingsolver, each member of the Price family deals with a personal guilt either gained while on their mission in the Congo or long before. This novel exemplifies the different types of guilt the Price family experienced throughout their stay inRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible By Barbara Kingsolver2015 Words   |  9 PagesThe Poisonwood Bible, written by Barbara Kingsolver, details the experiences of a missionary family in the Congo, narrated by the Price women. Multiple questions are introduced over the course of the novel, some being answered and others not so much. One important theme in the novel is the influence of surroundings on the characters, specifically Leah Price. Leah Price arguably went through the most change and development as a result of her surroundings and environment. Her moral, psychological change

Twelfth Night Interpretations Through the Directors Staging Free Essays

Twelfth Night: Interpretations through the Directors Staging Antonio: I could not stay behind you: my desire, More sharp than filed steel, did spur me forth; And not all love to see you, though so much As might have drawn one to a longer voyage, But jealousy what might befall your travel, Being skilless in these parts; which to a stranger, Unguided and unfriended, often prove Rough and unhospitable: my willing love, The rather by these arguments of fear, Set forth in your pursuit. (Twelfth Night, 3. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6-16) For hundreds of years people from all over the world have seen the works of William Shakespeare performed by thousands of actors. Twelfth Night or What you Will is but one of the many comedies written by William Shakespeare that have been produced in many formats, from theater, television and even several feature films. So many different productions of the same works have opened the door to directors adding their own twist to the original script to make it their own. One play can be performed countless different ways, from very conservative or to unconventional depending on the director’s interpretation and intentions. So all writings are open for creative interpretation thus being for this paper I am going to focus on the directorial staging of this play and how the staging and direction brought the focus of the subplot of Antonio and Sebastian into a homoerotic relationship opposed to other renditions of Twelfth Night that were homosocial. Directors have creatively reconstructed these plays pulling from the era, the popular ideology of the community and political correctness at the times the different styles and interpretations so that Shakespeare can be adapted to the current times. My most recent exposure to the Shakespeare is Twelfth Night as it was performed in Ashland, Oregon, during the 2010 Shakespeare Festival, directed by Darko Tresnjak. The design and style of the set design and costumed was reminiscent of the movie Mozart in the play bill the director did mention that this movie did give him some inspiration for these choices. The white costumes of the Dukes court. The season was summery with no hint of the holidays, no Christmas ornamentation. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio with the direction from the director acted out the relationship between them as overly homosexual, as if they were lovers. Antonio was far more feminine and flamboyant (similar to the role played by Johnny Depp in the movie Pirates of the Carrabin) and Sebastian was more masculine. I think the director used this opportunity to emphasize this aspect of our modern American homosexual subculture. I think the director wanted to reflect upon homosexuality in America currently instead of the over emphasized the traditional comedic element of cross dressing and mischievous misrepresentation of the sexes that has been a popular and humorous way to perform Shakespeare’s plays. True this play has homoerotic elements in it that hundreds of years ago were considered humor, cross dressing, falling in love with a â€Å"perception† of what is not what you perceive. This was recreated in several comedies during this time. At the time this was written for popular entertainment to be funny and absurd. A romantic comedy where someone falls in love with an illusion and is made to look foolish is an underlying theme in many comedies of the time. The director in the Ashland example defiantly imposes the ideology of modern homosexuality into this version of Twelfth Night. This becomes evident in Act 2, Scene 1 (2. 1. 1-52); â€Å"†¦ ANTONIO: If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino’s court: farewell. Exit†¦. † Because the director in the Ashland production had the actor playing Antonio over emphasize his lines in this part of the scene and seam to beg Sebastian as a lover. I would like to introduce two other performances of Twelfth Night that I have selected for this paper, on top of the live performance in Ashland, two other performances of Twelfth Night to exhibit the different ways directors can creatively interpret Shakespeare through the staging and direction to intertwine modern ideas and ideology through their direction, making it relevant for today. I am using a BBC television performance and an American film and I have decided to focus on the characters of Sebastian and Antonio in all three performances to compare the director’s style and depiction of this relationship, of these two, and to see the effect on the whole production. Second I want to introduce an example from the American produced feature film of Twelfth Night or What you Will (Nunn) from Fine Line Features Presents a Renaissance Film, directed by Trevor Nunn run time 134min. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio, under the directors guidance, created a relationship between these two men that suggested a fatherly bond as if Antonio, who saved Sebastian from the ocean, became a surrogate father to this young man Sebastian, who has lost his sister and father. Of all the versions this particular depiction made the most sense and really brought the words to life between these two. Antonio in Act 5, reaction became so believable first the betrayal and confusion with Cesario (Viola) response of not knowing him and then later when Sebastian enters onto the stage, Antonio’s comments on both of them. Act 5 (5. 257-277) â€Å"†¦ANTONIO: Sebastian are you? SEBASTIAN: Fear’st thou that, Antonio? ANTONIO: How have you made division of yourself? An apple, cleft in two, is not more twin than these two creatures. Which is Sebastian?†¦ † I found the performance of the actor who played Antonio as a genuine caring father type to be accurate and in this moment the film captures the disbelief of a man who is seeing a mirror image of his own child. This is what made the words of Shakespeare come alive and gave a hint of truth to this unbelievable tale. This is why I believe that this particular twist is more believable and follows more closely to what the original production would have suggested. The third performance I am introducing is the British production by a Renaissance Theatre Production of Twelfth Night or What you Will AE, Thames Television in association with the BBC television production directed by Kenneth Branagh run time 165min. the setting of this production was late 1800’s in depth of winter with snow and wind and barren trees, almost on the brink of spring. The director kept in pace with the title of the play by having a Christmas tree, and other holiday novelties. The actors who played Sebastian and Antonio in this production, were staged and directed in the relationship between them as â€Å"sportsmen†, as if they had become best sportsman like friends â€Å"Good Chaps† in the intonations the director has obviously instructed the actors to play down the dialogue that leave a hint of homosocial relationship. This is evident in the way that the end of ACT 2 (2. 1. -52); â€Å"SEBASTIAN: If you will not undo what you have done, that is, kill him whom you have recovered, desire it not. Fare ye well at once: my bosom is full of kindness, and I am yet so near the manners of my mother, that upon the least occasion more mine eyes will tell tales of me. I am bound to the Count Orsino’s court: farewell. Exit (this was spoken up beat and as if he was going to a sporting event. ) ANTONIO: The gentleness of all the gods goes with thee! I have many enemies in Orsino’s court; else would I very shortly see thee there. This was spoken with a challenge and boisterous. ) But, come what may, I do adore thee so, (this phrase was almost whispered as if it was a second thought. ) That danger shall seem sport, and I will go. Exit† (the last statement before his exit was stated as if he was embarking on an adventure. ) the way that this was performed by the actor who played Antonio played up the masculine and down played the tenderness. This being a British production the topic of homosexuality has been downplayed and not openly addressed, because it is improper etiquette. The idea of still being a man in the public and not projecting your personal preferences is a very real behavior, where as in America it would be acceptable to be â€Å"Out of the closet†. In Europe men’s sexual preference is not something of polite conversation and is not labeled as it is in America because in England the perception of â€Å"man† doesn’t lose their manly hood by having male relations. So this being a British Television production the director would have never broached the subject of homosexuality. In America we have grown accustomed to labeling relationships and categorizing everything where in Europe they have grown beyond that and do not need to push labels I believe this was touched on in Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare’s History Plays Rebecca Ann Bach points out that â€Å"†¦all of which depict England in disorder, are profoundly interested in how manliness is constructed and maintained. Because gender roles and the social order were deeply intertwined in Renaissance England, masculinity surfaces constantly as a point of tension†¦. (Bach) and she goes on to discuss â€Å"†¦Today we live in a world in which men and women are, by definition, separate kinds of people; our culture expends enormous energy from the birth of a child creating and maintaining the distinctions between men and women†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing the separation of the perception of the rolls of men and women in the very different e ras. This seems to be what draws so many to Shakespeare is that he interweaves this idea of separation into a comical theme and makes light of this need to separate and label. This may be why today in England the separation seems to be less than in America. From the evidence I have discovered I surmise that in the time of Shakespeare, the rolls of men and woman were quite different, and to have a young man play the role of a woman was common place due to no female actors, as they do today. To reverse the reversal is somewhat funny for the time, it can also be ironic, or homoerotic. The debate will continue through my time and for eons as to what was really intended by the words of Shakespeare. I do believe though that is the directors who project modern ideologies into the plays, not the writer. I believe it is the director’s drive to personalize and to modernize the work and bring it up to date. The desire to connect the past on a deeper intimate level that makes this director inject such modern ideas into these classics. Humans have a deep seated need to connect with the past and to interpret the past on a personal level and to be able to see ourselves in the past. I believe that the modernization of Plays actually pull us farther away from the past. So even though I may have thought that the staging of Antonio and Sebastian were homosexual and I thought it took away from the whole of the play. The director injected his views of this performance of Twelfth Night to reflect on today’s society and to touch the audience of today, not of yesterday. Directors have always brought the past to life and this is another example of the modern interpretation of Shakespeare. I have to wonder though, what would William think about this production? Work Cited Page: 1. Bach, Rebecca Ann. Manliness Before Individualism: Masculinity, Effeminacy, and Homoerotic in Shakespeare’s History Plays. Online October 14, 2010. http://www. blackwellreference. com/public/tocnode? id=g9781405136068_chunk_g978 How to cite Twelfth Night: Interpretations Through the Directors Staging, Papers

T.S. Eliot -Mood And Theme Essays - Chapbooks,

T.S. Eliot -Mood And Theme WITH REFERENCE TO THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK AND PREDULES. DISCUSS HOW T.S. ELIOT CONVEYS MOOD AND THEMES. Both Prufrock and Preludes are based in the same rootless world of sordid tedium. In Prufrock Eliot is conveying a theme a strong theme and is based heavily in the Persona of Prufrock himself. Preludes is a poem of changing moods, some subtle, some profound but this time conveyed primarily through diction and repetition. One theme of Eliot's, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, is the exposure of the modern individual's inability and refusal to address inadequacies that he sees in both him and his society. Two ways Eliot conveys his theme is through the persona of Prufrock and repetition . One method used by Eliot to expose this theme is his use of the persona of J Alfred Prufrock. Prufrock is in part a shallow conformist, 41 ....My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, 42 My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin- 43 (They will say: ?But how his arms and legs are thin!')...... However, almost tragically, Eliot has Prufrock aware of the shallowness of the society to which he conforms. 26 There will be time, there will be time 27 To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet. Prufrock observes his society's ability to totally disregard any question of substance, that is, the ?overwhelming? questions. Yet despite his observations Prufrock is not prepared to confront his society, more importantly, himself. In deeper tragedy Prufrock is defeated by his knowledge of his inadequacies and states quite sincerely, ?And in short, I was afraid? Two of the minor themes of ?The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' concern the frustrations felt by the individual towards their society. Specifically the individuals insignificance in their society and the individuals inability to express themselves and be understood as an individual within that society. Repetition plays a crucial role in conveying the theme of insignificance. The repetition of, ?They will say:..?, conveys Prufrock's feeling of insignificance and reveal a man totally absorbed in the judgments of others and not at all concerned with his worth as an individual. Eliot's repetition of ?Do I dare within the sixth stanza emphasises Prufrock's feeling of insignificance. ?Do I dare/ Disturb the universe Despite the superficial judgments his society passes on him, Prufrock is still hesitant in speaking out against their empty lives. Prufrock is an extraordinary character and one who, despite his struggles, could easily erode into a world content with the futile pleasures of the society he scorns. Preludes is a series of four lyrics describing a modern city. The poem moves through four different time periods, beginning with one evening and continuing though to the following evening. Through these lyrics Eliot conveys the impression of a life that is soul destroying and meaningless. Preludes is used to explore the theme of the alienation of the individual from society. The mood is integral to understanding Eliot's vision. It is the moods of desolation and despair, loneliness and struggle, affection and gentle care that reflects Eliot's observations of the individual alienated from society. These moods are conveyed throughout the careful use of diction, imagery and repetition. Prelude I begins with an attractive, familiar setting, a winter evening. This however is short lived as we are immediately confronted with a decaying, suffocating world, 2 With smells of steaks in passageways... 4 The burnt-out ends of smoky days. Eliot creates a mood of desolation and loneliness through diction and imagery. The precise use of descriptive words compose this very mood. Words such as, ?burnt out?, ?gusty?, ?grimy?, ?vacant?, ?broken?, and ?lonely?, help set the mood for the remainder of the poem. In Prelude II the poem shifts to morning, but instead of the freshness and optimism normally associated with such a time, the morning is depicted, like a drunk awakening on the footpath, as coming ?to consciousness?, vague and unsure of itself. Eliot creates a mood of desolation through sense-imagery: 14 The morning comes to consciousness 15 Of faint stale smells of beer 16 From the sawdust-trampled street... Eliot's repetition of ?all' and use ?a thousand' in his description of the masses as an anonymous herd the impersonal mood of emptiness. While through imagery Eliot